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28 U.S.C. § 2680 — Exceptions
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The provisions of this chapter and [section 1346(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section1346/b&num=0&edition=prelim) shall not apply to—
**(a)** Any claim based upon an act or omission of an employee of the Government, exercising due care, in the execution of a statute or regulation, whether or not such statute or regulation be valid, or based upon the exercise or performance or the failure to exercise or perform a discretionary function or duty on the part of a federal agency or an employee of the Government, whether or not the discretion involved be abused.
**(b)** Any claim arising out of the loss, miscarriage, or negligent transmission of letters or postal matter.
**(c)** Any claim arising in respect of the assessment or collection of any tax or customs duty, or the detention of any goods, merchandise, or other property by any officer of customs or excise or any other law enforcement officer, except that the provisions of this chapter and [section 1346(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section1346/b&num=0&edition=prelim) apply to any claim based on injury or loss of goods, merchandise, or other property, while in the possession of any officer of customs or excise or any other law enforcement officer, if—
(1) the property was seized for the purpose of forfeiture under any provision of Federal law providing for the forfeiture of property other than as a sentence imposed upon conviction of a criminal offense;
(2) the interest of the claimant was not forfeited;
(3) the interest of the claimant was not remitted or mitigated (if the property was subject to forfeiture); and
(4) the claimant was not convicted of a crime for which the interest of the claimant in
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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_15cbe0a4413db840babe6099
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-28/section-2680-exceptions--a12a9d1f21.md
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Source location: Title 28, Chapter 171, § 2680; chapter-171-tort-claims-procedure.md
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The provisions of this chapter and [section 1346(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section1346/b&num=0&edition=prelim) shall not apply to—
**(a)** Any claim based upon an act or omission of an employee of the Government, exercising due care, in the execution of a statute or regulation, whether or not such statute or regulation be valid, or based upon the exercise or performance or the failure to exercise or perform a discretionary function or duty on the part of a federal agency or an employee of the Government, whether or not the discretion involved be abused.
**(b)** Any claim arising out of the loss, miscarriage, or negligent transmission of letters or postal matter.
**(c)** Any claim arising in respect of the assessment or collection of any tax or customs duty, or the detention of any goods, merchandise, or other property by any officer of customs or excise or any other law enforcement officer, except that the provisions of this chapter and [section 1346(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section1346/b&num=0&edition=prelim) apply to any claim based on injury or loss of goods, merchandise, or other property, while in the possession of any officer of customs or excise or any other law enforcement officer, if—
(1) the property was seized for the purpose of forfeiture under any provision of Federal law providing for the forfeiture of property other than as a sentence imposed upon conviction of a criminal offense;
(2) the interest of the claimant was not forfeited;
(3) the interest of the claimant was not remitted or mitigated (if the property was subject to forfeiture); and
(4) the claimant was not convicted of a crime for which the interest of the claimant in the property was subject to forfeiture under a Federal criminal forfeiture law..11 So in original.
**(d)** Any claim for which a remedy is provided by chapter 309 or 311 of title 46 relating to claims or suits in admiralty against the United States.
**(e)** Any claim arising out of an act or omission of any employee of the Government in administering the provisions of sections 1–31 of Title 50, Appendix.22 See References in Text note below.
**(f)** Any claim for damages caused by the imposition or establishment of a quarantine by the United States.
**(g)** Repealed. Sept. 26, 1950, ch. 1049, § 13 (5), 64 Stat. 1043.]
**(h)** Any claim arising out of assault, battery, false imprisonment, false arrest, malicious prosecution, abuse of process, libel, slander, misrepresentation, deceit, or interference with contract rights: Provided, That, with regard to acts or omissions of investigative or law enforcement officers of the United States Government, the provisions of this chapter and [section 1346(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section1346/b&num=0&edition=prelim) shall apply to any claim arising, on or after the date of the enactment of this proviso, out of assault, battery, false imprisonment, false arrest, abuse of process, or malicious prosecution. For the purpose of this subsection, “investigative or law enforcement officer” means any officer of the United States who is empowered by law to execute searches, to seize evidence, or to make arrests for violations of Federal law.
**(i)** Any claim for damages caused by the fiscal operations of the Treasury or by the regulation of the monetary system.
**(j)** Any claim arising out of the combatant activities of the military or naval forces, or the Coast Guard, during time of war.
**(k)** Any claim arising in a foreign country.
**(l)** Any claim arising from the activities of the Tennessee Valley Authority.
**(m)** Any claim arising from the activities of the Panama Canal Company.
**(n)** Any claim arising from the activities of a Federal land bank, a Federal intermediate credit bank, or a bank for cooperatives.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
(1) **Sense of Congress** — It is the sense of Congress that the Federal air marshal program is critical to aviation security.
(2) **Limitation on statutory construction** — Nothing in this chapter, including any amendment made by this chapter, shall be construed as preventing the Under Secretary of Transportation for Security from implementing and training Federal air marshals.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 6 U.S.C. § 542
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The head of each Federal agency or his designee, in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Attorney General, may consider, ascertain, adjust, determine, compromise, and settle any claim for money damages against the United States for injury or loss of property or personal injury or death caused by the negligent or wrongful act or omission of any employee of the agency while acting within the scope of his office or employment, under circumstances where the United States, if a private person, would be liable to the claimant in accordance with the law of the place where the act or omission occurred: Provided, That any award, compromise, or settlement in excess of $25,000 shall be effected only with the prior written approval of the Attorney General or his designee. Notwithstanding the proviso contained in the preceding sentence, any award, compromise, or settlement may be effected without the prior written approval of the Attorney General or his or her designee, to the extent that the Attorney General delegates to the head of the agency the authority to make such award, compromise, or settlement. Such delegations may not exceed the authority delegated by the Attorney General to the United States attorneys to settle claims for money damages against the United States. Each Federal agency may use arbitration, or other alternative means of dispute resolution under the provisions of subchapter IV of chapter 5 of title 5, to settle any tort claim against the United States, to the extent of the agency’s authority to award, compromise, or settle such claim without the prior written approval of the Attorney General or his or her designee.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 28 U.S.C. § 2672
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** All powers and authorities possessed by the President, any other officer or employee of the Federal Government, or any executive agency, as defined in [section 105 of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section105&num=0&edition=prelim), as a result of the existence of any declaration of national emergency in effect on September 14, 1976, are terminated two years from September 14, 1976. Such termination shall not affect—
(1) any action taken or proceeding pending not finally concluded or determined on such date;
(2) any action or proceeding based on any act committed prior to such date; or
(3) any rights or duties that matured or penalties that were incurred prior to such date.
**(b)** For the purpose of this section, the words “any national emergency in effect” means a general declaration of emergency made by the President.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 50 U.S.C. § 1601
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
A Council of National Defense is established, for the coordination of industries and resources for the national security and welfare, to consist of the Secretary of the Army, the Secretary of the Navy, the Secretary of the Interior, the Secretary of Agriculture, the Secretary of Commerce, and the Secretary of Labor.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 50 U.S.C. § 1
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In General.—** The Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration shall be an administration in the Department of Transportation.
**(b) Safety as Highest Priority.—** In carrying out its duties, the Administration shall consider the assignment and maintenance of safety as the highest priority, recognizing the clear intent, encouragement, and dedication of Congress to the furtherance of the highest degree of safety in pipeline transportation and hazardous materials transportation.
**(c) Administrator.—** The head of the Administration shall be the Administrator who shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, and shall be an individual with professional experience in pipeline safety, hazardous materials safety, or other transportation safety. The Administrator shall report directly to the Secretary of Transportation.
**(d) Deputy Administrator.—** The Administration shall have a Deputy Administrator who shall be appointed by the Secretary. The Deputy Administrator shall carry out duties and powers prescribed by the Administrator.
**(e) Chief Safety Officer.—** The Administration shall have an Assistant Administrator for Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety appointed in the competitive service by the Secretary. The Assistant Administrator shall be the Chief Safety Officer of the Administration. The Assistant Administrator shall carry out the duties and powers prescribed by the Administrator.
**(f) Duties and Powers of the Administrator.—** The Administrator shall carry out—
(1) duties and powers related to pipeline and hazardous materials transportation and safety vested in the Secretary by chapters 51, 57, 61, 601, and 603; and
(2) other duties and powers prescribed by the Secretary.
**(g) Limitation.—**
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 49 U.S.C. § 108
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Criminal penalties**
(1)
(A) Any person who—
(i) knowing that a person is an alien, brings to or attempts to bring to the United States in any manner whatsoever such person at a place other than a designated port of entry or place other than as designated by the Commissioner, regardless of whether such alien has received prior official authorization to come to, enter, or reside in the United States and regardless of any future official action which may be taken with respect to such alien;
(ii) knowing or in reckless disregard of the fact that an alien has come to, entered, or remains in the United States in violation of law, transports, or moves or attempts to transport or move such alien within the United States by means of transportation or otherwise, in furtherance of such violation of law;
(iii) knowing or in reckless disregard of the fact that an alien has come to, entered, or remains in the United States in violation of law, conceals, harbors, or shields from detection, or attempts to conceal, harbor, or shield from detection, such alien in any place, including any building or any means of transportation;
(iv) encourages or induces an alien to come to, enter, or reside in the United States, knowing or in reckless disregard of the fact that such coming to, entry, or residence is or will be in violation of law; or
(v)
(I) engages in any conspiracy to commit any of the preceding acts, or
(II) aids or abets the commission of any of the preceding acts,
shall be punished as provided in subparagraph (B).
(B) A person who violates subparagraph (A) shall, for each alien in respect to whom such a violation occurs—
(i) in the case of a violation of subparagraph (A)(i) or (v)(I) or in the case of a violation of subp
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 8 U.S.C. § 1324
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Establishment; Chairman** An independent regulatory commission is hereby established, to be known as the Consumer Product Safety Commission, consisting of five Commissioners who shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. In making such appointments, the President shall consider individuals who, by reason of their background and expertise in areas related to consumer products and protection of the public from risks to safety, are qualified to serve as members of the Commission. The Chairman shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, from among the members of the Commission. An individual may be appointed as a member of the Commission and as Chairman at the same time. Any member of the Commission may be removed by the President for neglect of duty or malfeasance in office but for no other cause.
**(b) Term; vacancies**
(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), (A) the Commissioners first appointed under this section shall be appointed for terms ending three, four, five, six, and seven years, respectively, after October 27, 1972, the term of each to be designated by the President at the time of nomination; and (B) each of their successors shall be appointed for a term of seven years from the date of the expiration of the term for which his predecessor was appointed.
(2) Any Commissioner appointed to fill a vacancy occurring prior to the expiration of the term for which his predecessor was appointed shall be appointed only for the remainder of such term. A Commissioner may continue to serve after the expiration of this term until his successor has taken office, except that he may not so continue to serve more than one year after the date on which his term would otherwise expire u
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 15 U.S.C. § 2053
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The Secretary of Commerce is authorized to consider, ascertain, adjust, and determine all claims for damages, where the amount of the claim does not exceed $2,500, occasioned, subsequent to June 5, 1920, by acts for which the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration is responsible.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 33 U.S.C. § 853
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 644
TITLE 28—JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE
§ 2680
1 So in original.
2 See References in Text note below.
amendments made by this Act apply in which the claim
accrued before the date of the enactment of this Act,
the period during which the claim shall be deemed to
be timely presented under section 2679(d)(5) of title 28,
United States Code (as amended by section 6 of this
Act) shall be that period within which the claim could
have been timely filed under applicable State law, but
in no event shall such period exceed two years from the
date of the enactment of this Act.’’
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1966 AMENDMENT
Amendment by Pub. L. 89–506 applicable to claims ac-
cruing six months or more after July 18, 1966, see sec-
tion 10 of Pub. L. 89–506, set out as a note under section
2672 of this title.
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1961 AMENDMENT
Pub. L. 87–258, § 2, Sept. 21, 1961, 75 Stat. 539, provided
that: ‘‘The amendments made by this Act [amending
this section] shall be deemed to be in effect six months
after the enactment hereof [Sept. 21, 1961] but any
rights or liabilities then existing shall not be affected.’’
§ 2680. Exceptions
The provisions of this chapter and section
1346(b) of this title shall not apply to—
(a) Any claim based upon an act or omission of
an employee of the Government, exercising due
care, in the execution of a statute or regulation,
whether or not such statute or regulation be
valid, or based upon the exercise or performance
or the failure to exercise or perform a discre-
tionary function or duty on the part of a federal
agency or an employee of the Government,
whether or not the discretion involved be
abused.
(b) Any claim arising out of the loss, mis-
carriage, or negligent transmission of letters or
postal matter.
(c) Any cl
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 28 U.S.C. § 2680
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