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3 U.S.C. § 19 — Vacancy in offices of both President and Vice President; officers eligible to act

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

3 U.S.C. § 19 — Vacancy in offices of both President and Vice President; officers eligible to act

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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-3/section-19-vacancy-in-offices-of-both-president-and-vice-president-officers-eligibl--930d40378c.md
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Source location: Title 3, Chapter 1, § 19; chapter-001-presidential-elections-and-vacancies.md

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**(a)** (1) If, by reason of death, resignation, removal from office, inability, or failure to qualify, there is neither a President nor Vice President to discharge the powers and duties of the office of President, then the Speaker of the House of Representatives shall, upon his resignation as Speaker and as Representative in Congress, act as President. (2) The same rule shall apply in the case of the death, resignation, removal from office, or inability of an individual acting as President under this subsection. **(b)** If, at the time when under subsection (a) of this section a Speaker is to begin the discharge of the powers and duties of the office of President, there is no Speaker, or the Speaker fails to qualify as Acting President, then the President pro tempore of the Senate shall, upon his resignation as President pro tempore and as Senator, act as President. **(c)** An individual acting as President under subsection (a) or subsection (b) of this section shall continue to act until the expiration of the then current Presidential term, except that— (1) if his discharge of the powers and duties of the office is founded in whole or in part on the failure of both the President-elect and the Vice-President-elect to qualify, then he shall act only until a President or Vice President qualifies; and (2) if his discharge of the powers and duties of the office is founded in whole or in part on the inability of the President or Vice President, then he shall act only until the removal of the disability of one of such individuals. **(d)** (1) If, by reason of death, resignation, removal from office, inability, or failure to qualify, there is no President pro tempore to act as President under subsection (b) of this section, then the officer of the United States who is highest on the following list, and who is not under disability to discharge the powers and duties of the office of President shall act as President: Secretary of State, Secretary of the Treasury, Secretary of Defense, Attorney General, Secretary of the Interior, Secretary of Agriculture, Secretary of Commerce, Secretary of Labor, Secretary of Health and Human Services, Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, Secretary of Transportation, Secretary of Energy, Secretary of Education, Secretary of Veterans Affairs, Secretary of Homeland Security. (2) An individual acting as President under this subsection shall continue so to do until the expiration of the then current Presidential term, but not after a qualified and prior-entitled individual is able to act, except that the removal of the disability of an individual higher on the list contained in paragraph (1) of this subsection or the ability to qualify on the part of an individual higher on such list shall not terminate his service. (3) The taking of the oath of office by an individual specified in the list in paragraph (1) of this subsection shall be held to constitute his resignation from the office by virtue of the holding of which he qualifies to act as President. **(e)** Subsections (a), (b), and (d) of this section shall apply only to such officers as are eligible to the office of President under the Constitution. Subsection (d) of this section shall apply only to officers appointed, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, prior to the time of the death, resignation, removal from office, inability, or failure to qualify, of the President pro tempore, and only to officers not under impeachment by the House of Representatives at the time the powers and duties of the office of President devolve upon them. **(f)** During the period that any individual acts as President under this section, his compensation shall be at the rate then provided by law in the case of the President.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

42 U.S.C. § 3531 — Congressional declaration of purpose

The Congress hereby declares that the general welfare and security of the Nation and the health and living standards of our people require, as a matter of national purpose, sound development of the Nation’s communities and metropolitan areas in which the vast majority of its people live and work.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

39 U.S.C. § 101 — Postal policy

**(a)** The United States Postal Service shall be operated as a basic and fundamental service provided to the people by the Government of the United States, authorized by the Constitution, created by Act of Congress, and supported by the people. The Postal Service shall have as its basic function the obligation to provide postal services to bind the Nation together through the personal, educational, literary, and business correspondence of the people. It shall provide prompt, reliable, and efficient services to patrons in all areas and shall render postal services to all communities. The costs of establishing and maintaining the Postal Service shall not be apportioned to impair the overall value of such service to the people. **(b)** The Postal Service shall maintain an integrated network for the delivery of market-dominant and competitive products (as defined in chapter 36 of this title). Delivery shall occur at least six days a week, except during weeks that include a Federal holiday, in emergency situations, such as natural disasters, or in geographic areas where the Postal Service has established a policy of delivering mail fewer than six days a week as of the date of enactment of the Postal Service Reform Act of 2022. The Postal Service shall provide a maximum degree of effective and regular postal services to rural areas, communities, and small towns where post offices are not self-sustaining. No small post office shall be closed solely for operating at a deficit, it being the specific intent of the Congress that effective postal services be insured to residents of both urban and rural communities. **(c)** As an employer, the Postal Service shall achieve and maintain compensation for its officers and employees comparable to the rates and types of compensation pa

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

20 U.S.C. § 3401 — Congressional findings

The Congress finds that— (1) education is fundamental to the development of individual citizens and the progress of the Nation; (2) there is a continuing need to ensure equal access for all Americans to educational opportunities of a high quality, and such educational opportunities should not be denied because of race, creed, color, national origin, or sex; (3) parents have the primary responsibility for the education of their children, and States, localities, and private institutions have the primary responsibility for supporting that parental role; (4) in our Federal system, the primary public responsibility for education is reserved respectively to the States and the local school systems and other instrumentalities of the States; (5) the American people benefit from a diversity of educational settings, including public and private schools, libraries, museums and other institutions, the workplace, the community, and the home; (6) the importance of education is increasing as new technologies and alternative approaches to traditional education are considered, as society becomes more complex, and as equal opportunities in education and employment are promoted; (7) there is a need for improvement in the management and coordination of Federal education programs to support more effectively State, local, and private institutions, students, and parents in carrying out their educational responsibilities; (8) the dispersion of education programs across a large number of Federal agencies has led to fragmented, duplicative, and often inconsistent Federal policies relating to education; (9) Presidential and public consideration of issues relating to Federal education programs is hindered by the present organizational position of education programs in the executive branch

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

38 U.S.C. § 301 — Department

**(a)** The Department of Veterans Affairs is an executive department of the United States. **(b)** The purpose of the Department is to administer the laws providing benefits and other services to veterans and the dependents and the beneficiaries of veterans. **(c)** The Department is composed of the following: (1) The Office of the Secretary. (2) The Veterans Health Administration. (3) The Veterans Benefits Administration. (4) The National Cemetery Administration. (5) The Board of Veterans’ Appeals. (6) The Veterans’ Canteen Service. (7) The Board of Contract Appeals. (8) Such other offices and agencies as are established or designated by law or by the President or the Secretary. (9) Any office, agency, or activity under the control or supervision of any element named in paragraphs (1) through (8).

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

20 U.S.C. § 3402 — Congressional declaration of purpose

The Congress declares that the establishment of a Department of Education is in the public interest, will promote the general welfare of the United States, will help ensure that education issues receive proper treatment at the Federal level, and will enable the Federal Government to coordinate its education activities more effectively. Therefore, the purposes of this chapter are— (1) to strengthen the Federal commitment to ensuring access to equal educational opportunity for every individual; (2) to supplement and complement the efforts of States, the local school systems and other instrumentalities of the States, the private sector, public and private educational institutions, public and private nonprofit educational research institutions, community-based organizations, parents, and students to improve the quality of education; (3) to encourage the increased involvement of the public, parents, and students in Federal education programs; (4) to promote improvements in the quality and usefulness of education through federally supported research, evaluation, and sharing of information; (5) to improve the coordination of Federal education programs; (6) to improve the management and efficiency of Federal education activities, especially with respect to the process, procedures, and administrative structures for the dispersal of Federal funds, as well as the reduction of unnecessary and duplicative burdens and constraints, including unnecessary paperwork, on the recipients of Federal funds; and (7) to increase the accountability of Federal education programs to the President, the Congress, and the public.

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 20 U.S.C. § 3402

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

42 U.S.C. § 7111 — Definitions

**(a)** As used in this chapter, unless otherwise provided or indicated by the context, the term the “Department” means the Department of Energy or any component thereof, including the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. **(b)** As used in this chapter (1) reference to “function” includes reference to any duty, obligation, power, authority, responsibility, right, privilege, and activity, or the plural thereof, as the case may be; and (2) reference to “perform”, when used in relation to functions, includes the undertaking, fulfillment, or execution of any duty or obligation; and the exercise of power, authority, rights, and privileges. **(c)** As used in this chapter, “Federal lease” means an agreement which, for any consideration, including but not limited to, bonuses, rents, or royalties conferred and covenants to be observed, authorizes a person to explore for, or develop, or produce (or to do any or all of these) oil and gas, coal, oil shale, tar sands, and geothermal resources on lands or interests in lands under Federal jurisdiction.

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 7111

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

42 U.S.C. § 7293 — Effect on personnel

**(a) Full-time and part-time personnel holding permanent positions** Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, the transfer pursuant to this subchapter of full-time personnel (except special Government employees) and part-time personnel holding permanent positions pursuant to this subchapter shall not cause any such employee to be separated or reduced in grade or compensation for one year after August 4, 1977, except that full-time temporary personnel employed at the Energy Research Centers of the Energy Research and Development Administration upon the establishment of the Department who are determined by the Department to be performing continuing functions may at the employee’s option be converted to permanent full-time status within one hundred and twenty days following their transfer to the Department. The employment levels of full-time permanent personnel authorized for the Department by other law or administrative action shall be increased by the number of employees who exercise the option to be so converted. **(b) Person who held position compensated in accordance with chapter 53 of title 5** Any person who, on October 1, 1977, held a position compensated in accordance with the Executive Schedule prescribed in chapter 53 of title 5, and who, without a break in service, is appointed in the Department to a position having duties comparable to those performed immediately preceding his appointment shall continue to be compensated in his new position at not less than the rate provided for his previous position, for the duration of his service in the new position. **(c) Employees holding reemployment rights acquired under [section 786 of title 15](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section786&num=0&edition=prelim)** Employees tra

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 7293

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

3 U.S.C. § 19 — Vacancy in offices of both President and

Page 8 TITLE 3—THE PRESIDENT § 18 put each of the objections and questions to a vote without further debate. (June 25, 1948, ch. 644, 62 Stat. 676; Pub. L. 117–328, div. P, title I, § 110(a), Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 5240.) Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 2022—Pub. L. 117–328 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: ‘‘When the two Houses separate to decide upon an objection that may have been made to the counting of any electoral vote or votes from any State, or other question arising in the matter, each Senator and Representative may speak to such objection or question five minutes, and not more than once; but after such debate shall have lasted two hours it shall be the duty of the presiding of- ficer of each House to put the main question without further debate.’’ § 18. Same; parliamentary procedure at joint ses- sion While the two Houses shall be in session as provided in this chapter, the President of the Senate shall have power to preserve order; and no debate shall be allowed and no question shall be put by the presiding officer except to either House on a motion to withdraw under section 15(d)(2)(C)(i). (June 25, 1948, ch. 644, 62 Stat. 676; Sept. 3, 1954, ch. 1263, § 3, 68 Stat. 1227; Pub. L. 117–328, div. P, title I, § 110(b), (c)(2), Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 5240.) Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 2022—Pub. L. 117–328, § 110(c)(2), substituted ‘‘session’’ for ‘‘meeting’’ in section catchline and text. Pub. L. 117–328, § 110(b), inserted ‘‘under section 15(d)(2)(C)(i)’’ after ‘‘motion to withdraw’’. 1954—Act Sept. 3, 1954, substituted ‘‘chapter’’ for ‘‘subchapter’’. § 19. Vacancy in offices of both President and Vice President; officers eligible to act (a)(1) If, by reason of death, resignation, re- moval fro

Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 3 U.S.C. § 19

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