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42 U.S.C. § 18998 — Microelectronics workforce development activities
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Creating helpful initiatives to produce personnel in needed growth industries**
(1) **In general** — The Director shall make awards to institutions of higher education, non-profit organizations, or consortia thereof, for research, development, and related activities to advance innovative approaches to developing, improving, and expanding evidence-based education and workforce development activities and learning experiences at all levels of education in fields and disciplines related to microelectronics.
(2) **Purposes** — Activities carried out under this section shall be for the purpose of supporting the growth, retention, and development of a diverse and sustainable microelectronics workforce to meet the requirements of the programs established in [section 4656(c)(2)(C) of title 15](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section4656/c/2/C&num=0&edition=prelim) in support of the evolving needs of industry, academia, government, and Federal laboratories.
(3) **Uses of funds** — Awards made under this section shall be used to support activities, such as—
(A) development of industry-oriented curricula and teaching modules for topics relevant to microelectronics, including those that provide meaningful hands-on learning experiences;
(B) dissemination of materials developed in subparagraph (A), including through the creation and maintenance of a publicly-accessible database and online portal;
(C) development and implementation of training, research, and professional development programs for teachers, including innovative pre-service and in-service programs, in microelectronics and related fields;
(D) support for learning activities and experiences that provide physical, simulated, or remote access to training facilities and
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Source location: Title 42, Chapter 163, § 18998; chapter-163-research-and-development-competition-and-innovation.md
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**(a) Creating helpful initiatives to produce personnel in needed growth industries**
(1) **In general** — The Director shall make awards to institutions of higher education, non-profit organizations, or consortia thereof, for research, development, and related activities to advance innovative approaches to developing, improving, and expanding evidence-based education and workforce development activities and learning experiences at all levels of education in fields and disciplines related to microelectronics.
(2) **Purposes** — Activities carried out under this section shall be for the purpose of supporting the growth, retention, and development of a diverse and sustainable microelectronics workforce to meet the requirements of the programs established in [section 4656(c)(2)(C) of title 15](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section4656/c/2/C&num=0&edition=prelim) in support of the evolving needs of industry, academia, government, and Federal laboratories.
(3) **Uses of funds** — Awards made under this section shall be used to support activities, such as—
(A) development of industry-oriented curricula and teaching modules for topics relevant to microelectronics, including those that provide meaningful hands-on learning experiences;
(B) dissemination of materials developed in subparagraph (A), including through the creation and maintenance of a publicly-accessible database and online portal;
(C) development and implementation of training, research, and professional development programs for teachers, including innovative pre-service and in-service programs, in microelectronics and related fields;
(D) support for learning activities and experiences that provide physical, simulated, or remote access to training facilities and industry-standard processes and tools, including equipment and software for the design, development, manufacturing, and testing of microelectronics;
(E) increasing the integration of microelectronics content into STEM curricula at all education levels;
(F) Growing 11 So in original. Probably should not be capitalized. academic research capacity in microelectronics by incentivizing the hiring of faculty in fields critical to microelectronics;
(G) support for innovative industry pathway programs that connect high school, vocational, military, college, and graduate programs; and
(H) providing informal hands-on microelectronics learning opportunities for PreK-12 students in different learning environments, including competitions.
(4) **Advanced microelectronics traineeships**
(A) *In general* — The Director shall make awards to institutions of higher education or nonprofit organizations (or consortia of such institutions and organizations) to establish traineeship programs for graduate students who pursue microelectronics research leading to a masters or doctorate degree by providing funding and other assistance, and by providing graduate students with opportunities for research experiences in government or industry related to the students’ microelectronics studies.
(B) *Use of funds* — Institutions of higher education or non-profit organizations (or consortia of such institutions and organizations) shall use award funds provided under subparagraph (A) for the purposes of—
(i) paying tuition and fees, and providing stipends, for students receiving traineeships who are citizens, nationals, or aliens lawfully admitted for permanent residence;
(ii) facilitating opportunities for scientific internship programs for students receiving traineeships in microelectronics at private industry, nonprofit research institutions, or Federal laboratories; and
(iii) such other costs associated with the administration of the program.
(5) **Microelectronics skilled technical workforce programs** — The Director shall make awards under the Scientific and Advanced-Technology Act of 1992 ([42 U.S.C. 1862h](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section1862h&num=0&edition=prelim)-j) to support programs for skilled technical workers in STEM disciplines that are aligned with skilled workforce needs of the microelectronics industry and lead to an associate’s degree, or equivalent certification, by providing funding and other assistance, including opportunities for internships and other hands-on experiences in industry related to the students’ microelectronics studies.
(6) **Microelectronics research experiences through existing programs** — The Director shall seek to increase opportunities for microelectronics research for students and trainees at all levels by encouraging proposals in microelectronics through existing programs including—
(A) research experiences for undergraduates pursuant to [section 1862p–6 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section1862p-6&num=0&edition=prelim);
(B) postdoctoral fellowship programs established pursuant to [section 1862p–11 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section1862p-11&num=0&edition=prelim);
(C) graduate fellowships established pursuant to [section 1869 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section1869&num=0&edition=prelim);
(D) informal STEM education programs established pursuant to [section 1862q of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section1862q&num=0&edition=prelim);
(E) the Robert Noyce Teacher Scholarship Program established pursuant to [section 1862n–1 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section1862n-1&num=0&edition=prelim);
(F) major research instrumentation programs established pursuant to section 1862o–14 of this title; and
(G) low-income 22 So in original. Probably should be preceded by “the”. scholarship program established pursuant to [section 1869c of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section1869c&num=0&edition=prelim).
(7) **Industry partnerships** — In carrying out the activities under this section, the Director shall encourage awardees to partner with industry and other private sector organizations to facilitate the expansion of workforce pipelines and enable access to industry-standard equipment and software for use in undergraduate and graduate microelectronics education programs.
(8) **Interagency coordination** — In carrying out activities under this section, the Director shall collaborate with the Subcommittee on Microelectronics Leadership of the National Science and Technology Council, established in subsection (a) of [section 4656 of title 15](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section4656&num=0&edition=prelim) and the National Semiconductor Technology Center established in subsection (c) of [section 4656 of title 15](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section4656&num=0&edition=prelim), and other relevant Federal agencies to maintain the effectiveness of microelectronics workforce development activities across the agencies.
**(b) National Network for Microelectronics Education**
(1) **In general** — The Director, in coordination with the Secretary of Commerce, shall on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis, make awards to institutions of higher education and non-profit organizations (or consortia of such institutions and organizations) to establish partnerships to enhance and broaden participation in microelectronics education.
(2) **Activities** — Awards made under this subsection shall be used for the following:
(A) To conduct training and education activities funded by awards under paragraph (1) and in coordination with the Network Coordination Hub established in paragraph (3), including curricula design, development, dissemination, and assessment, and the sharing of information and best practices across the network of awardees.
(B) To develop regional partnerships among associate-degree-granting colleges, bachelor-degree-granting institutions, workforce development programs, labor organizations, and industry to create a diverse national technical workforce trained in microelectronics and ensure education and training is meeting the evolving needs of industry.
(C) To develop local workforce pipelines that align with capacity investments made by industry and the Federal government, including vocational and high school training programs, community college degrees and certificates, veteran post service opportunities, and mentoring.
(D) To facilitate partnerships with employers, employer consortia or other private sector organizations that offer apprenticeships, internships, or applied learning experiences in the field of microelectronics.
(E) To develop shared infrastructure available to institutions of higher education, two-year colleges, and private organizations to enable experiential learning activities and provide physical or digital access to training facilities and industry-standard tools and processes.
(F) To create and disseminate public outreach to support awareness of microelectronics education and career opportunities, including through outreach to PreK–12 schools and STEM-related organizations.
(G) To collaborate and coordinate with industry and existing public and private organizations conducting microelectronics education and workforce development activities, as practicable.
(3) **Network coordination hub** — The Director shall make an award on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis to an institution of higher education or nonprofit organization (or a consortium thereof) to establish a national network of partnerships (referred to in this section as the “National Network for Microelectronics Education”) to coordinate activities, best practice sharing, and access to facilities across the partnerships established in accordance with paragraph (1).
(4) **Incentivizing participation** — To the extent practicable, the Director shall encourage participation in the National Network for Microelectronics Education through the coordination of activities and distribution of awards described in subsection (a).
(5) **Partnerships** — The Director shall encourage the submission of proposals that are led by historically Black colleges and universities, Tribal Colleges or Universities, and minority-serving institutions or that include partnerships with or among such institutions to increase the recruitment of students from groups historically underrepresented in STEM to pursue graduate studies in microelectronics.
(6) **Outreach** — In addition to any other requirements as determined appropriate by the Director, the Director shall require that proposals for awards under this section shall include a description of how the applicant will develop and implement outreach activities to increase the participation of women and other students from groups historically underrepresented in STEM.
(7) **Coordination across foundation programs** — In carrying out the activities under this section, the Director shall ensure awardees coordinate with, and avoid unnecessary duplication of, the activities carried out under this Section 1 with the activities of the 21st Century Nanotechnology Research and Development Act (Public Law 108–153), the National Quantum Initiative Act (Public Law 115–368), and Division E of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021, and other related programs, as appropriate.
(8) **Interagency coordination** — In carrying out activities under this section, the Director shall collaborate with the Subcommittee on Microelectronics Leadership of the National Science and Technology Council, established in subsection (a) of [section 4656 of title 15](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section4656&num=0&edition=prelim) and the National Semiconductor Technology Center established in subsection (c) of [section 4656 of title 15](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section4656&num=0&edition=prelim).
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) National Nanotechnology Program** The President shall implement a National Nanotechnology Program. Through appropriate agencies, councils, and the National Nanotechnology Coordination Office established in [section 7502 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section7502&num=0&edition=prelim), the Program shall—
(1) establish the goals, priorities, and metrics for evaluation for Federal nanotechnology research, development, and other activities;
(2) invest in Federal research and development programs in nanotechnology and related sciences to achieve those goals; and
(3) provide for interagency coordination of Federal nanotechnology research, development, and other activities undertaken pursuant to the Program.
**(b) Program activities** The activities of the Program shall include—
(1) developing a fundamental understanding of matter that enables control and manipulation at the nanoscale;
(2) providing grants to individual investigators and interdisciplinary teams of investigators;
(3) establishing a network of advanced technology user facilities and centers;
(4) establishing, on a merit-reviewed and competitive basis, interdisciplinary nanotechnology research centers, which shall—
(A) interact and collaborate to foster the exchange of technical information and best practices;
(B) involve academic institutions or national laboratories and other partners, which may include States and industry;
(C) make use of existing expertise in nanotechnology in their regions and nationally;
(D) make use of ongoing research and development at the micrometer scale to support their work in nanotechnology; and
(E) to the greatest extent possible, be established in geographically diverse locations, encourage the parti
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 15 U.S.C. § 7501
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
(1) **Establishment** — The Director of the National Science Foundation (referred to in this section as the “Director”) shall award scholarships to low-income individuals to enable such individuals to pursue associate, undergraduate, or graduate level degrees in mathematics, engineering, computer science, or cybersecurity.
(2) **Eligibility**
(A) *In general* — To be eligible to receive a scholarship under this section, an individual—
(i) must be a citizen of the United States, a national of the United States (as defined in [section 1101(a) of title 8](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title8-section1101/a&num=0&edition=prelim)), an alien admitted as a refugee under [section 1157 of title 8](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title8-section1157&num=0&edition=prelim), or an alien lawfully admitted to the United States for permanent residence;
(ii) shall prepare and submit to the Director an application at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Director may require; and
(iii) shall certify to the Director that the individual intends to use amounts received under the scholarship to enroll or continue enrollment at an institution of higher education (as defined in [section 1001(a) of title 20](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section1001/a&num=0&edition=prelim)) in order to pursue an associate, undergraduate, or graduate level degree in mathematics, engineering, computer science, cybersecurity, or other technology and science programs designated by the Director.
(B) *Ability* — Awards of scholarships under this section shall be made by the Director solely on the basis of the ability of the applicant, except that in any case in which 2 or
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 1869c
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** The Secretary of Energy (referred to in this section as the “Secretary”) shall carry out a research, development, and demonstration program to accelerate innovation in quantum network infrastructure in order to—
(1) facilitate the advancement of distributed quantum computing systems through the internet and intranet;
(2) improve the precision of measurements of scientific phenomena and physical imaging technologies;
(3) develop secure national quantum communications technologies and strategies;
(4) demonstrate quantum networking utilizing the Department of Energy’s Energy Sciences Network User Facility; and
(5) advance the relevant domestic supply chains, manufacturing capabilities, and associated simulations or modeling capabilities.
**(b) Program** In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall—
(1) coordinate with—
(A) the Director of the National Science Foundation;
(B) the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology;
(C) the Chair of the Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science of the National Science and Technology Council established under [section 8813(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section8813/a&num=0&edition=prelim); and
(D) the Chair of the Subcommittee on the Economic and Security Implications of Quantum Science;
(2) conduct cooperative research with industry, National Laboratories, institutions of higher education, and other research institutions to facilitate new quantum infrastructure methods and technologies, including—
(A) quantum-limited detectors, ultra-low loss optical channels, space-to-ground connections, and classical networking and cybersecurity protocols;
(B) entanglement and hyper-entangled state sources and transmission
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 15 U.S.C. § 8801
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Purposes** The purposes of this section are to advance Department of Energy expertise in artificial intelligence and high-performance computing in order to improve health outcomes for veteran populations by—
(1) supporting basic research through the application of artificial intelligence, high-performance computing, modeling and simulation, machine learning, and large-scale data analytics to identify and solve outcome-defined challenges in the health sciences;
(2) maximizing the impact of the Department of Veterans Affairs’ health and genomics data housed at the National Laboratories, as well as data from other sources, on science, innovation, and health care outcomes through the use and advancement of artificial intelligence and high-performance computing capabilities of the Department;
(3) promoting collaborative research through the establishment of partnerships to improve data sharing between Federal agencies, National Laboratories, institutions of higher education, and nonprofit institutions;
(4) establishing multiple scientific computing user facilities to house and provision available data to foster transformational outcomes; and
(5) driving the development of technology to improve artificial intelligence, high-performance computing, and networking relevant to mission applications of the Department, including modeling, simulation, machine learning, and advanced data analytics.
**(b) Veterans health research and development**
(1) **In general** — The Secretary of Energy (in this section referred to as the “Secretary”) shall establish and carry out a research program in artificial intelligence and high-performance computing, focused on the development of tools to solve large-scale data analytics and management challenges associated with veteran’s healt
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 15 U.S.C. § 9401
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Findings** The Congress finds that—
(1) the position of the United States in the world economy faces great challenges from highly trained foreign competition;
(2) the workforce of the United States must be better prepared for the technologically advanced, competitive, global economy;
(3) the improvement of our work force’s productivity and our international economic position depend upon the strengthening of our educational efforts in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics or STEM, especially at the associate-degree level;
(4) shortages of scientifically and technically educated 11 So in original. Probably should be followed by “and”. trained workers in a wide variety of fields will best be addressed by collaboration among the Nation’s associate-degree-granting colleges and private industry to produce skilled, advanced technicians; and
(5) the National Science Foundation’s traditional role in developing model curricula, disseminating instructional materials, enhancing faculty development, and stimulating partnerships between educational institutions and industry, makes an enlarged role for the Foundation in STEM education and training particularly appropriate.
**(b) Purposes** It is the purpose of sections 1862h to 1862j of this title to—
(1) improve science and technical education at associate-degree-granting colleges;
(2) improve secondary school and postsecondary curricula in STEM fields;
(3) improve the educational opportunities of postsecondary students by creating comprehensive articulation agreements and planning between 2-year and 4-year institutions; and
(4) promote outreach to secondary schools to improve STEM instruction.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 1862h
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Initiation and support of studies and programs; scholarships; current register of scientific and engineering personnel** The Foundation is authorized and directed—
(1) to initiate and support basic scientific research and programs to strengthen scientific research potential and science education programs at all levels in the mathematical, physical, medical, biological, social, and other sciences, and to initiate and support research fundamental to the engineering process and programs to strengthen engineering research potential and engineering education programs at all levels in the various fields of engineering, by making contracts or other arrangements (including grants, loans, and other forms of assistance) to support such scientific, engineering, and educational activities and to appraise the impact of research upon industrial development and upon the general welfare;
(2) to award, as provided in [section 1869 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section1869&num=0&edition=prelim), scholarships and graduate fellowships for study and research in the sciences or in engineering;
(3) to foster the interchange of scientific and engineering information among scientists and engineers in the United States and foreign countries;
(4) to foster and support the development and use of computer and other scientific and engineering methods and technologies, primarily for research and education in the sciences and engineering;
(5) to evaluate the status and needs of the various sciences and fields of engineering as evidenced by programs, projects, and studies undertaken by agencies of the Federal Government, by individuals, and by public and private research groups, employing by grant or contract such consulting services as i
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 1862
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Subcommittee on microelectronics leadership**
(1) **Establishment required** — The President shall establish in the National Science and Technology Council a subcommittee on matters relating to leadership and competitiveness of the United States in microelectronics technology and innovation (in this section referred to as the “Subcommittee)”.
(2) **Membership** — The Subcommittee shall be composed of the following members:
(A) The Secretary of Defense.
(B) The Secretary of Energy.
(C) The Director of the National Science Foundation.
(D) The Secretary of Commerce.
(E) The Secretary of State.
(F) The Secretary of Homeland Security.
(G) The United States Trade Representative.
(H) The Director of National Intelligence.
(I) The heads of such other departments and agencies of the Federal Government as the President determines appropriate.
(3) **Duties** — The duties of the Subcommittee are as follows:
(A) *National strategy on microelectronics research*
(i) *In general* — In consultation with the advisory committee established in (b), and other appropriate stakeholders in the microelectronics industry and academia, the Subcommittee shall develop a national strategy on microelectronics research, development, manufacturing, and supply chain security to—
(I) accelerate the domestic development and production of microelectronics and strengthen the domestic microelectronics workforce; and
(II) ensure that the United States is a global leader in the field of microelectronics research and development.
(ii) *Elements* — The strategy developed under this subparagraph shall address—
(I) activities that may be carried out to strengthen engagement and outreach between the Department of Defense and industry, academia, i
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 15 U.S.C. § 4656
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Grants** The Director of the National Science Foundation, through the Directorate for Education and Human Resources, shall continue to award competitive, merit-reviewed grants to support—
(1) research and development of innovative out-of-school STEM learning and emerging STEM learning environments in order to improve STEM learning outcomes and engagement in STEM;
(2) research that advances the field of informal STEM education;
(3) a national partnership of institutions involved in informal STEM learning; and
(4) the integration of art and design in STEM educational programs.
**(b) Uses of funds** Activities supported by grants under this section may encompass a single STEM discipline, multiple STEM disciplines, or integrative STEM initiatives and shall include—
(1) research and development that improves our understanding of learning and engagement in informal environments, including the role of informal environments in broadening participation in STEM;
(2) design and testing of innovative STEM learning models, programs, and other resources for informal learning environments to improve STEM learning outcomes and increase engagement for K–12 students, K–12 teachers, and the general public, including design and testing of the scalability of models, programs, and other resources;
(3) fostering on-going partnerships between institutions involved in informal STEM learning, institutions of higher education, and education research centers;
(4) developing, and making available informal STEM education activities and educational materials; and
(5) design and testing of programming that integrates art and design in STEM education to promote creativity and innovation.
**(c) PreK–12 informal STEM**
(1) **In general** — The Director of the National Science Foundation
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 1862q
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
There is established in the executive branch of the Government an independent agency to be known as the National Science Foundation (hereinafter referred to as the “Foundation”). The Foundation shall consist of a National Science Board (hereinafter referred to as the “Board”) and a Director.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 1861
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** The Foundation is authorized to award scholarships and graduate fellowships for study and research in the sciences or in engineering at appropriate nonprofit American or nonprofit foreign institutions selected by the recipient of such aid, for stated periods of time. Persons shall be selected for such scholarships and fellowships from among citizens, nationals or lawfully admitted permanent resident aliens of the United States, and such selections shall be made solely on the basis of ability; but in any case in which two or more applicants for scholarships or fellowships, as the case may be, are deemed by the Foundation to be possessed of substantially equal ability, and there are not sufficient scholarships or fellowships, as the case may be, available to grant one to each of such applicants, the available scholarship or scholarships or fellowship or fellowships shall be awarded to the applicants in such manner as will tend to result in a wide distribution of scholarships and fellowships throughout the United States and as will address national workforce demand in critical STEM fields. Nothing contained in this chapter shall prohibit the Foundation from refusing or revoking a scholarship or fellowship award, in whole or in part, in the case of any applicant or recipient, if the Board is of the opinion that such award is not in the best interests of the United States.
**(b) Amount** The Director shall establish for each year the amount to be awarded for scholarships and fellowships under this section for that year. Each such scholarship and fellowship shall include a cost of education allowance of at least $16,000, subject to any restrictions on the use of cost of education allowance as determined by the Director.
**(c) Outreach** The Director shall
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 1869
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