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19 U.S.C. § 2155 — Public hearings
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Opportunity for presentation of views** In connection with any proposed trade agreement under [section 2133 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2133&num=0&edition=prelim) or [section 4202 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section4202&num=0&edition=prelim), the President shall afford an opportunity for any interested person to present his views concerning any article on a list published under [section 2151 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2151&num=0&edition=prelim), any matter or article which should be so listed, any concession which should be sought by the United States, or any other matter relevant to such proposed trade agreement. For this purpose, the President shall designate an agency or an interagency committee which shall, after reasonable notice, hold public hearings and prescribe regulations governing the conduct of such hearings. When appropriate, such procedures shall apply to the development of trade policy and priorities.
**(b) Summary of hearings** The organization holding such hearing shall furnish the President with a summary thereof.
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-19/section-2155-public-hearings--f3af946310.md
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Source location: Title 19, Chapter 12, § 2155; chapter-012-trade-act-of-1974.md
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**(a) Opportunity for presentation of views** In connection with any proposed trade agreement under [section 2133 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2133&num=0&edition=prelim) or [section 4202 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section4202&num=0&edition=prelim), the President shall afford an opportunity for any interested person to present his views concerning any article on a list published under [section 2151 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2151&num=0&edition=prelim), any matter or article which should be so listed, any concession which should be sought by the United States, or any other matter relevant to such proposed trade agreement. For this purpose, the President shall designate an agency or an interagency committee which shall, after reasonable notice, hold public hearings and prescribe regulations governing the conduct of such hearings. When appropriate, such procedures shall apply to the development of trade policy and priorities.
**(b) Summary of hearings** The organization holding such hearing shall furnish the President with a summary thereof.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Agreements regarding tariff barriers**
(1) **In general** — Whenever the President determines that one or more existing duties or other import restrictions of any foreign country or the United States are unduly burdening and restricting the foreign trade of the United States and that the purposes, policies, priorities, and objectives of this chapter will be promoted thereby, the President—
(A) may enter into trade agreements with foreign countries before—
(i) July 1, 2018; or
(ii) July 1, 2021, if trade authorities procedures are extended under subsection (c); and
(B) may, subject to paragraphs (2) and (3), proclaim—
(i) such modification or continuance of any existing duty,
(ii) such continuance of existing duty free or excise treatment, or
(iii) such additional duties,
as the President determines to be required or appropriate to carry out any such trade agreement.
(2) **Notification** — The President shall notify Congress of the President’s intention to enter into an agreement under this subsection.
(3) **Limitations** — No proclamation may be made under paragraph (1) that—
(A) reduces any rate of duty (other than a rate of duty that does not exceed 5 percent ad valorem on June 29, 2015) to a rate of duty which is less than 50 percent of the rate of such duty that applies on June 29, 2015;
(B) reduces the rate of duty below that applicable under the Uruguay Round Agreements or a successor agreement, on any import sensitive agricultural product; or
(C) increases any rate of duty above the rate that applied on June 29, 2015.
(4) **Aggregate reduction; exemption from staging**
(A) *Aggregate reduction* — Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the aggregate reduction in the rate of duty on any article which is in e
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 19 U.S.C. § 4202
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Agreements regarding tariff barriers**
(1) Whenever the President determines that one or more existing duties or other import restrictions of any foreign country or the United States are unduly burdening and restricting the foreign trade of the United States and that the purposes, policies, and objectives of this title will be promoted thereby, the President—
(A) before June 1, 1993, may enter into trade agreements with foreign countries; and
(B) may, subject to paragraphs (2) through (5), proclaim—
(i) such modification or continuance of any existing duty,
(ii) such continuance of existing duty-free or excise treatment, or
(iii) such additional duties;
as he determines to be required or appropriate to carry out any such trade agreement.
(2) No proclamation may be made under subsection (a) that—
(A) reduces any rate of duty (other than a rate of duty that does not exceed 5 percent ad valorem on August 23, 1988) to a rate which is less than 50 percent of the rate of such duty that applies on August 23, 1988; or
(B) increases any rate of duty above the rate that applies on August 23, 1988.
(3)
(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the aggregate reduction in the rate of duty on any article which is in effect on any day pursuant to a trade agreement entered into under paragraph (1) shall not exceed the aggregate reduction which would have been in effect on such day if a reduction of 3 percent ad valorem or a reduction of one-tenth of the total reduction, whichever is greater, had taken effect on the effective date of the first reduction proclaimed in paragraph (1) to carry out such agreement with respect to such article.
(B) No staging under subparagraph (A) is required with respect to a rate reduction that is proclaimed u
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 19 U.S.C. § 2902
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Agreements regarding tariff barriers**
(1) **In general** — Whenever the President determines that one or more existing duties or other import restrictions of any foreign country or the United States are unduly burdening and restricting the foreign trade of the United States and that the purposes, policies, priorities, and objectives of this chapter will be promoted thereby, the President—
(A) may enter into trade agreements with foreign countries before—
(i) July 1, 2005; or
(ii) July 1, 2007, if trade authorities procedures are extended under subsection (c); and
(B) may, subject to paragraphs (2) and (3), proclaim—
(i) such modification or continuance of any existing duty,
(ii) such continuance of existing duty-free or excise treatment, or
(iii) such additional duties,
as the President determines to be required or appropriate to carry out any such trade agreement.
The President shall notify the Congress of the President’s intention to enter into an agreement under this subsection.
(2) **Limitations** — No proclamation may be made under paragraph (1) that—
(A) reduces any rate of duty (other than a rate of duty that does not exceed 5 percent ad valorem on August 6, 2002) to a rate of duty which is less than 50 percent of the rate of such duty that applies on August 6, 2002;
(B) reduces the rate of duty below that applicable under the Uruguay Round Agreements, on any import sensitive agricultural product; or
(C) increases any rate of duty above the rate that applied on August 6, 2002.
(3) **Aggregate reduction; exemption from staging**
(A) *Aggregate reduction* — Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the aggregate reduction in the rate of duty on any article which is in effect on any day pursuant to a trade agr
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 19 U.S.C. § 3803
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
There are authorized to be appropriated annually such sums as may be necessary for the payment by the United States of its share of the expenses of the Contracting Parties to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. This authorization does not imply approval or disapproval by the Congress of all articles of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 19 U.S.C. § 2133
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Short title** This chapter may be cited as the “Bipartisan Trade Promotion Authority Act of 2002”.
**(b) Findings** The Congress makes the following findings:
(1) The expansion of international trade is vital to the national security of the United States. Trade is critical to the economic growth and strength of the United States and to its leadership in the world. Stable trading relationships promote security and prosperity. Trade agreements today serve the same purposes that security pacts played during the Cold War, binding nations together through a series of mutual rights and obligations. Leadership by the United States in international trade fosters open markets, democracy, and peace throughout the world.
(2) The national security of the United States depends on its economic security, which in turn is founded upon a vibrant and growing industrial base. Trade expansion has been the engine of economic growth. Trade agreements maximize opportunities for the critical sectors and building blocks of the economy of the United States, such as information technology, telecommunications and other leading technologies, basic industries, capital equipment, medical equipment, services, agriculture, environmental technology, and intellectual property. Trade will create new opportunities for the United States and preserve the unparalleled strength of the United States in economic, political, and military affairs. The United States, secured by expanding trade and economic opportunities, will meet the challenges of the twenty-first century.
(3) Support for continued trade expansion requires that dispute settlement procedures under international trade agreements not add to or diminish the rights and obligations provided in such agreements. Therefore—
(A) the recent patt
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 19 U.S.C. § 3801
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) National security considerations** No proclamation shall be made pursuant to the provisions of this chapter reducing or eliminating the duty or other import restriction on any article if the President determines that such reduction or elimination would threaten to impair the national security.
**(b) Action taken under other laws** While there is in effect with respect to any article any action taken under [section 2253 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2253&num=0&edition=prelim), or section 1862 or 1981 of this title, the President shall reserve such article from negotiations under this subchapter (and from any action under [section 2132(c) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2132/c&num=0&edition=prelim)) contemplating reduction or elimination of—
(A) any duty on such article,
(B) any import restriction imposed under such section, or
(C) any other import restriction, the removal of which will be likely to undermine the effect of the import restrictions referred to in subparagraph (B).
In addition, the President shall also so reserve any other article which he determines to be appropriate, taking into consideration information and advice available pursuant to and with respect to the matters covered by sections 2151, 2152, and 2153 of this title, where applicable.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 19 U.S.C. § 2151
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Presidential authority to enter into agreement; modification or continuance of existing duties** Whenever the President determines that any existing duties or other import restrictions of any foreign country or the United States are unduly burdening and restricting the foreign trade of the United States and that the purposes of this chapter will be promoted thereby, the President—
(1) during the 5-year period beginning on January 3, 1975, may enter into trade agreements with foreign countries or instrumentalities thereof; and
(2) may proclaim such modification or continuance of any existing duty, such continuance of existing duty-free or excise treatment, or such additional duties, as he determines to be required or appropriate to carry out any such trade agreement.
**(b) Limitation on authority to decrease duty**
(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), no proclamation pursuant to subsection (a)(2) shall be made decreasing a rate of duty to a rate below 40 percent of the rate existing on January 1, 1975.
(2) Paragraph (1) shall not apply in the case of any article for which the rate of duty existing on January 1, 1975, is not more than 5 percent ad valorem.
**(c) Limitation on authority to increase duty** No proclamation shall be made pursuant to subsection (a)(2) increasing any rate of duty to, or imposing a rate above, the higher of the following:
(1) the rate which is 50 percent above the rate set forth in rate column numbered 2 of the Tariff Schedules of the United States as in effect on January 1, 1975, or
(2) the rate which is 20 percent ad valorem above the rate existing on January 1, 1975.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 19 U.S.C. § 2113
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Congressional findings; directives; disavowal of prior approval of legislation** The Congress finds that barriers to (and other distortions of) international trade are reducing the growth of foreign markets for the products of United States agriculture, industry, mining, and commerce, diminishing the intended mutual benefits of reciprocal trade concessions, adversely affecting the United States economy, preventing fair and equitable access to supplies, and preventing the development of open and nondiscriminatory trade among nations. The President is urged to take all appropriate and feasible steps within his power (including the full exercise of the rights of the United States under international agreements) to harmonize, reduce, or eliminate such barriers to (and other distortions of) international trade. The President is further urged to utilize the authority granted by subsection (b) to negotiate trade agreements with other countries and instrumentalities providing on a basis of mutuality for the harmonization, reduction, or elimination of such barriers to (and other distortions of) international trade. Nothing in this subsection shall be construed as prior approval of any legislation which may be necessary to implement an agreement concerning barriers to (or other distortions of) international trade.
**(b) Presidential determinations prerequisite to entry into trade agreements; trade with Israel**
(1) Whenever the President determines that any barriers to (or other distortions of) international trade of any foreign country or the United States unduly burden and restrict the foreign trade of the United States or adversely affect the United States economy, or that the imposition of such barriers is likely to result in such a burden, restriction, or effect, and
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 19 U.S.C. § 2114
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Obtaining equivalent competitive opportunities** A principal United States negotiating objective under sections 2111 and 2112 of this title shall be to obtain, to the maximum extent feasible, with respect to appropriate product sectors of manufacturing, and with respect to the agricultural sector, competitive opportunities for United States exports to the developed countries of the world equivalent to the competitive opportunities afforded in United States markets to the importation of like or similar products, taking into account all barriers (including tariffs) to and other distortions of international trade affecting that sector.
**(b) Conduct of negotiations on basis of appropriate product sectors of manufacturing** As a means of achieving the negotiating objective set forth in subsection (a), to the extent consistent with the objective of maximizing overall economic benefit to the United States (through maintaining and enlarging foreign markets for products of United States agriculture, industry, mining, and commerce, through the development of fair and equitable market opportunities, and through open and nondiscriminatory world trade), negotiations shall, to the extent feasible be conducted on the basis of appropriate product sectors of manufacturing.
**(c) Identification of appropriate product sectors of manufacturing** For the purposes of this section and [section 2155 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2155&num=0&edition=prelim), the United States Trade Representative together with the Secretary of Commerce, Agriculture, or Labor, as appropriate, shall, after consultation with the Advisory Committee for Trade Negotiations established under [section 2155 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 19 U.S.C. § 2114b
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** In any negotiation seeking an agreement under [section 2133 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2133&num=0&edition=prelim) or [section 4202 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section4202&num=0&edition=prelim), the President may make a formal offer for the modification or continuance of any United States duty, import restrictions, or barriers to (or other distortions of) international trade, the continuance of United States duty-free or excise treatment, or the imposition of additional duties, import restrictions, or other barrier to (or other distortion of) international trade including trade in services, foreign direct investment and intellectual property as covered by this subchapter, with respect to any article or matter only after he has received a summary of the hearings at which an opportunity to be heard with respect to such article has been afforded under [section 2153 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2153&num=0&edition=prelim). In addition, the President may make an offer for the modification or continuance of any United States duty, the continuance of United States duty-free or excise treatment, or the imposition of additional duties, with respect to any article included in a list published and furnished under [section 2151(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2151/a&num=0&edition=prelim), only after he has received advice concerning such article from the Commission under [section 2151(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2151/b&num=0&edition=prelim), or after the expiration of the
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 19 U.S.C. § 2171
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