42 U.S.C. § 674 — Payments to States

**(a) Amounts** For each quarter beginning after September 30, 1980, each State which has a plan approved under this part shall be entitled to a payment equal to the sum of— (1) subject to subsections (j) and (k) of [section 672 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section672&num=0&edition=prelim), an amount equal to the Federal medical assistance percentage (which shall be as defined in [section 1396d(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section1396d/b&num=0&edition=prelim), in the case of a State other than the District of Columbia, or 70 percent, in the case of the District of Columbia) of the total amount expended during such quarter as foster care maintenance payments under [section 672 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section672&num=0&edition=prelim) for children in foster family homes or child-care institutions (or, with respect to such payments made during such quarter under a cooperative agreement or contract entered into by the State and an Indian tribe, tribal organization, or tribal consortium for the administration or payment of funds under this part, an amount equal to the Federal medical assistance percentage that would apply under [section 679c(d) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section679c/d&num=0&edition=prelim) (in this paragraph referred to as the “tribal FMAP”) if such Indian tribe, tribal organization, or tribal consortium made such payments under a program operated under that section, unless the tribal FMAP is less than the Federal medical assistance percentage that applies to the State); plus (2) an amount equal to the Federal medical assistance percentage (which shall be as defined in [section 1396d(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section1396d/b&num=0&edition=prelim), in the case of a State other than the District of Columbia, or 70 percent, in the case of the District of Columbia) of the total amount expended during such quarter as adoption assistance payments under [section 673 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section673&num=0&edition=prelim) pursuant to adoption assistance agreements (or, with respect to such payments made during such quarter under a cooperative agreement or contract entered into by the State and an Indian tribe, tribal organization, or tribal consortium for the administration or payment of funds under this part, an amount equal to the Federal medical assistance percentage that would apply under [section 679c(d) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section679c/d&num=0&edition=prelim) (in this paragraph referred to as the “tribal FMAP”) if such Indian tribe, tribal organization, or tribal consortium made such payments under a program operated under that section, unless the tribal FMAP is less than the Federal medical assistance percentage that applies to the State); plus (3) subject to [section 672(i) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section672/i&num=0&edition=prelim) an amount equal to the sum of the following proportions of the total amounts expended during such quarter as found necessary by the Secretary for the provision of child placement services and for the proper and efficient administration of the State plan— (A) 75 per centum of so much of such expenditures as are for the training (including both short- and long-term training at educational institutions through grants to such institutions or by direct financial assistance to students enrolled in such institutions) of personnel employed or preparing for employment by the State agency or by the local agency administering the plan in the political subdivision, (B) 75 percent of so much of such expenditures (including travel and per diem expenses) as are for the short-term training of current or prospective foster or adoptive parents or relative guardians, the members of the staff of State-licensed or State-approved child care institutions providing care, or State-licensed or State-approved child welfare agencies providing services, to children receiving assistance under this part, and members of the staff of abuse and neglect courts, agency attorneys, attorneys representing children or parents, guardians ad litem, or other court-appointed special advocates representing children in proceedings of such courts, in ways that increase the ability of such current or prospective parents, guardians, staff members, institutions, attorneys, and advocates to provide support and assistance to foster and adopted children and children living with relative guardians, whether incurred directly by the State or by contract, (C) 50 percent of so much of such expenditures as are for the planning, design, development, or installation of statewide mechanized data collection and information retrieval systems (including 50 percent of the full amount of expenditures for hardware components for such systems) but only to the extent that such systems— (i) meet the requirements imposed by regulations promulgated pursuant to [section 679(b)(2) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section679/b/2&num=0&edition=prelim); (ii) to the extent practicable, are capable of interfacing with the State data collection system that collects information relating to child abuse and neglect; (iii) to the extent practicable, have the capability of interfacing with, and retrieving information from, the State data collection system that collects information relating to the eligibility of individuals under part A (for the purposes of facilitating verification of eligibility of foster children); and (iv) are determined by the Secretary to be likely to provide more efficient, economical, and effective administration of the programs carried out under a State plan approved under part B or this part; and (D) 50 percent of so much of such expenditures as are for the operation of the statewide mechanized data collection and information retrieval systems referred to in subparagraph (C); and (E) one-half of the remainder of such expenditures; plus (4) an amount equal to the amount (if any) by which— (A) the lesser of— (i) 80 percent of the amounts expended by the State during the fiscal year in which the quarter occurs to carry out programs in accordance with the State application approved under [section 677(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section677/b&num=0&edition=prelim) for the period in which the quarter occurs (including any amendment that meets the requirements of [section 677(b)(5) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section677/b/5&num=0&edition=prelim)); or (ii) the amount allotted to the State under [section 677(c)(1) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section677/c/1&num=0&edition=prelim) for the fiscal year in which the quarter occurs, reduced by the total of the amounts payable to the State under this paragraph for all prior quarters in the fiscal year; exceeds (B) the total amount of any penalties assessed against the State under [section 677(e) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section677/e&num=0&edition=prelim) during the fiscal year in which the quarter occurs; plus (5) an amount equal to the percentage by which the expenditures referred to in paragraph (2) of this subsection are reimbursed of the total amount expended during such quarter as kinship guardianship assistance payments under [section 673(d) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section673/d&num=0&edition=prelim) pursuant to kinship guardianship assistance agreements; plus (6) subject to [section 671(e) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section671/e&num=0&edition=prelim)— (A) for each quarter— (i) subject to clause (ii)— (I) beginning after September 30, 2019, and before October 1, 2026, an amount equal to 50 percent of the total amount expended during the quarter for the provision of services or programs specified in subparagraph (A) or (B) of [section 671(e)(1) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section671/e/1&num=0&edition=prelim) that are provided in accordance with promising, supported, or well-supported practices that meet the applicable criteria specified for the practices in [section 671(e)(4)(C) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section671/e/4/C&num=0&edition=prelim); and (II) beginning after September 30, 2026, an amount equal to the Federal medical assistance percentage (which shall be as defined in [section 1396d(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section1396d/b&num=0&edition=prelim), in the case of a State other than the District of Columbia, or 70 percent, in the case of the District of Columbia) of the total amount expended during the quarter for the provision of services or programs specified in subparagraph (A) or (B) of [section 671(e)(1) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section671/e/1&num=0&edition=prelim) that are provided in accordance with promising, supported, or well-supported practices that meet the applicable criteria specified for the practices in [section 671(e)(4)(C) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section671/e/4/C&num=0&edition=prelim) (or, with respect to the payments made during the quarter under a cooperative agreement or contract entered into by the State and an Indian tribe, tribal organization, or tribal consortium for the administration or payment of funds under this part, an amount equal to the Federal medical assistance percentage that would apply under [section 679c(d) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section679c/d&num=0&edition=prelim) (in this paragraph referred to as the “tribal FMAP”) if the Indian tribe, tribal organization, or tribal consortium made the payments under a program operated under that section, unless the tribal FMAP is less than the Federal medical assistance percentage that applies to the State); except that (ii) not less than 50 percent of the total amount expended by a State under clause (i) for a fiscal year shall be for the provision of services or programs specified in subparagraph (A) or (B) of [section 671(e)(1) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section671/e/1&num=0&edition=prelim) that are provided in accordance with well-supported practices; plus (B) for each quarter specified in subparagraph (A), an amount equal to the sum of the following proportions of the total amount expended during the quarter— (i) 50 percent of so much of the expenditures as are found necessary by the Secretary for the proper and efficient administration of the State plan for the provision of services or programs specified in [section 671(e)(1) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section671/e/1&num=0&edition=prelim), including expenditures for activities approved by the Secretary that promote the development of necessary processes and procedures to establish and implement the provision of the services and programs for individuals who are eligible for the services and programs and expenditures attributable to data collection and reporting; and (ii) 50 percent of so much of the expenditures with respect to the provision of services and programs specified in [section 671(e)(1) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section671/e/1&num=0&edition=prelim) as are for training of personnel employed or preparing for employment by the State agency or by the local agency administering the plan in the political subdivision and of the members of the staff of State-licensed or State-approved child welfare agencies providing services to children described in [section 671(e)(2) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section671/e/2&num=0&edition=prelim) and their parents or kin caregivers, including on how to determine who are individuals eligible for the services or programs, how to identify and provide appropriate services and programs, and how to oversee and evaluate the ongoing appropriateness of the services and programs; plus (7) an amount equal to 50 percent of the amounts expended by the State during the quarter as the Secretary determines are for kinship navigator programs that meet the requirements described in [section 627(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section627/a&num=0&edition=prelim) and that the Secretary determines are operated in accordance with promising, supported, or well-supported practices that meet the applicable criteria specified for the practices in [section 671(e)(4)(C) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section671/e/4/C&num=0&edition=prelim), without regard to whether the expenditures are incurred on behalf of children who are, or are potentially, eligible for foster care maintenance payments under this part. **(b) Quarterly estimates of State’s entitlement for next quarter; payments; United States’ pro rata share of amounts recovered as overpayment; allowance, disallowance, or deferral of claim** (1) The Secretary shall, prior to the beginning of each quarter, estimate the amount to which a State will be entitled under subsection (a) for such quarter, such estimates to be based on (A) a report filed by the State containing its estimate of the total sum to be expended in such quarter in accordance with subsection (a), and stating the amount appropriated or made available by the State and its political subdivisions for such expenditures in such quarter, and if such amount is less than the State’s proportionate share of the total sum of such estimated expenditures, the source or sources from which the difference is expected to be derived, (B) records showing the number of children in the State receiving assistance under this part, and (C) such other investigation as the Secretary may find necessary. (2) The Secretary shall then pay to the State, in such installments as he may determine, the amounts so estimated, reduced or increased to the extent of any overpayment or underpayment which the Secretary determines was made under this section to such State for any prior quarter and with respect to which adjustment has not already been made under this subsection. (3) The pro rata share to which the United States is equitably entitled, as determined by the Secretary, of the net amount recovered during any quarter by the State or any political subdivision thereof with respect to foster care and adoption assistance furnished under the State plan shall be considered an overpayment to be adjusted under this subsection. (4) (A) Within 60 days after receipt of a State claim for expenditures pursuant to subsection (a), the Secretary shall allow, disallow, or defer such claim. (B) Within 15 days after a decision to defer such a State claim, the Secretary shall notify the State of the reasons for the deferral and of the additional information necessary to determine the allowability of the claim. (C) Within 90 days after receiving such necessary information (in readily reviewable form), the Secretary shall— (i) disallow the claim, if able to complete the review and determine that the claim is not allowable, or (ii) in any other case, allow the claim, subject to disallowance (as necessary)— (I) upon completion of the review, if it is determined that the claim is not allowable; or (II) on the basis of findings of an audit or financial management review. **(c) Automated data collection expenditures** The Secretary shall treat as necessary for the proper and efficient administration of the State plan all expenditures of a State necessary in order for the State to plan, design, develop, install, and operate data collection and information retrieval systems described in subsection (a)(3)(C), without regard to whether the systems may be used with respect to foster or adoptive children other than those on behalf of whom foster care maintenance payments or adoption assistance payments may be made under this part. **(d) Reduction for violation of plan requirement** (1) If, during any quarter of a fiscal year, a State’s program operated under this part is found, as a result of a review conducted under [section 1320a–2a of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section1320a-2a&num=0&edition=prelim), or otherwise, to have violated paragraph (18) or (23) of [section 671(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section671/a&num=0&edition=prelim) with respect to a person or to have failed to implement a corrective action plan within a period of time not to exceed 6 months with respect to such violation, then, notwithstanding subsection (a) of this section and any regulations promulgated under [section 1320a–2a(b)(3) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section1320a–2a/b/3&num=0&edition=prelim), the Secretary shall reduce the amount otherwise payable to the State under this part, for that fiscal year quarter and for any subsequent quarter of such fiscal year, until the State program is found, as a result of a subsequent review under [section 1320a–2a of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section1320a-2a&num=0&edition=prelim), to have implemented a corrective action plan with respect to such violation, by— (A) 2 percent of such otherwise payable amount, in the case of the 1st such finding for the fiscal year with respect to the State; (B) 3 percent of such otherwise payable amount, in the case of the 2nd such finding for the fiscal year with respect to the State; or (C) 5 percent of such otherwise payable amount, in the case of the 3rd or subsequent such finding for the fiscal year with respect to the State. In imposing the penalties described in this paragraph, the Secretary shall not reduce any fiscal year payment to a State by more than 5 percent. (2) Any other entity which is in a State that receives funds under this part and which violates paragraph (18) or (23) of [section 671(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section671/a&num=0&edition=prelim) during a fiscal year quarter with respect to any person shall remit to the Secretary all funds that were paid by the State to the entity during the quarter from such funds. (3) (A) Any individual who is aggrieved by a violation of [section 671(a)(18) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section671/a/18&num=0&edition=prelim) by a State or other entity may bring an action seeking relief from the State or other entity in any United States district court. (B) An action under this paragraph may not be brought more than 2 years after the date the alleged violation occurred. (4) This subsection shall not be construed to affect the application of the Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978 [[25 U.S.C. 1901](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title25-section1901&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.]. **(e) Discretionary grants for educational and training vouchers for youths aging out of foster care** From amounts appropriated pursuant to [section 677(h)(2) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section677/h/2&num=0&edition=prelim), the Secretary may make a grant to a State with a plan approved under this part, for a calendar quarter, in an amount equal to the lesser of— (1) 80 percent of the amounts expended by the State during the quarter to carry out programs for the purposes described in section 677(a)(6) 11 See References in Text note below. of this title; or (2) the amount, if any, allotted to the State under [section 677(c)(3) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section677/c/3&num=0&edition=prelim) for the fiscal year in which the quarter occurs, reduced by the total of the amounts payable to the State under this subsection for such purposes for all prior quarters in the fiscal year. **(f) Reduction for failure to submit required data** (1) If the Secretary finds that a State has failed to submit to the Secretary data, as required by regulation, for the data collection system implemented under [section 679 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section679&num=0&edition=prelim), the Secretary shall, within 30 days after the date by which the data was due to be so submitted, notify the State of the failure and that payments to the State under this part will be reduced if the State fails to submit the data, as so required, within 6 months after the date the data was originally due to be so submitted. (2) If the Secretary finds that the State has failed to submit the data, as so required, by the end of the 6-month period referred to in paragraph (1) of this subsection, then, notwithstanding subsection (a) of this section and any regulations promulgated under [section 1320a–2a(b)(3) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section1320a–2a/b/3&num=0&edition=prelim), the Secretary shall reduce the amounts otherwise payable to the State under this part, for each quarter ending in the 6-month period (and each quarter ending in each subsequent consecutively occurring 6-month period until the Secretary finds that the State has submitted the data, as so required), by— (A) ⅙ of 1 percent of the total amount expended by the State for administration of foster care activities under the State plan approved under this part in the quarter so ending, in the case of the 1st 6-month period during which the failure continues; or (B) ¼ of 1 percent of the total amount so expended, in the case of the 2nd or any subsequent such 6-month period. **(g) Continued services under waiver** For purposes of this part, after the termination of a demonstration project relating to guardianship conducted by a State under [section 1320a–9 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section1320a-9&num=0&edition=prelim), the expenditures of the State for the provision, to children who, as of September 30, 2008, were receiving assistance or services under the project, of the same assistance and services under the same terms and conditions that applied during the conduct of the project, are deemed to be expenditures under the State plan approved under this part.