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26 U.S.C. § 31 — Tax withheld on wages
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Wage withholding for income tax purposes**
(1) **In general** — The amount withheld as tax under chapter 24 shall be allowed to the recipient of the income as a credit against the tax imposed by this subtitle.
(2) **Year of credit** — The amount so withheld during any calendar year shall be allowed as a credit for the taxable year beginning in such calendar year. If more than one taxable year begins in a calendar year, such amount shall be allowed as a credit for the last taxable year so beginning.
**(b) Credit for special refunds of social security tax**
(1) **In general** — The Secretary may prescribe regulations providing for the crediting against the tax imposed by this subtitle of the amount determined by the taxpayer or the Secretary to be allowable under section 6413(c) as a special refund of tax imposed on wages. The amount allowed as a credit under such regulations shall, for purposes of this subtitle, be considered an amount withheld at source as tax under section 3402.
(2) **Year of credit** — Any amount to which paragraph (1) applies shall be allowed as a credit for the taxable year beginning in the calendar year during which the wages were received. If more than one taxable year begins in the calendar year, such amount shall be allowed as a credit for the last taxable year so beginning.
**(c) Special rule for backup withholding** Any credit allowed by subsection (a) for any amount withheld under section 3406 shall be allowed for the taxable year of the recipient of the income in which the income is received.
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-26/section-31-tax-withheld-on-wages--6b5aafb787.md
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Source location: Title 26, Chapter 1, § 31; chapter-001-normal-taxes-and-surtaxes.md
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**(a) Wage withholding for income tax purposes**
(1) **In general** — The amount withheld as tax under chapter 24 shall be allowed to the recipient of the income as a credit against the tax imposed by this subtitle.
(2) **Year of credit** — The amount so withheld during any calendar year shall be allowed as a credit for the taxable year beginning in such calendar year. If more than one taxable year begins in a calendar year, such amount shall be allowed as a credit for the last taxable year so beginning.
**(b) Credit for special refunds of social security tax**
(1) **In general** — The Secretary may prescribe regulations providing for the crediting against the tax imposed by this subtitle of the amount determined by the taxpayer or the Secretary to be allowable under section 6413(c) as a special refund of tax imposed on wages. The amount allowed as a credit under such regulations shall, for purposes of this subtitle, be considered an amount withheld at source as tax under section 3402.
(2) **Year of credit** — Any amount to which paragraph (1) applies shall be allowed as a credit for the taxable year beginning in the calendar year during which the wages were received. If more than one taxable year begins in the calendar year, such amount shall be allowed as a credit for the last taxable year so beginning.
**(c) Special rule for backup withholding** Any credit allowed by subsection (a) for any amount withheld under section 3406 shall be allowed for the taxable year of the recipient of the income in which the income is received.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Proceeds of life insurance contracts payable by reason of death**
(1) **General rule** — Except as otherwise provided in paragraphs (2) and (3), subsection (d), subsection (f), and subsection (j), gross income does not include amounts received (whether in a single sum or otherwise) under a life insurance contract, if such amounts are paid by reason of the death of the insured.
(2) **Transfer for valuable consideration** — In the case of a transfer for a valuable consideration, by assignment or otherwise, of a life insurance contract or any interest therein, the amount excluded from gross income by paragraph (1) shall not exceed an amount equal to the sum of the actual value of such consideration and the premiums and other amounts subsequently paid by the transferee. The preceding sentence shall not apply in the case of such a transfer—
(A) if such contract or interest therein has a basis for determining gain or loss in the hands of a transferee determined in whole or in part by reference to such basis of such contract or interest therein in the hands of the transferor, or
(B) if such transfer is to the insured, to a partner of the insured, to a partnership in which the insured is a partner, or to a corporation in which the insured is a shareholder or officer.
The term “other amounts” in the first sentence of this paragraph includes interest paid or accrued by the transferee on indebtedness with respect to such contract or any interest therein if such interest paid or accrued is not allowable as a deduction by reason of section 264(a)(4).
(3) **Exception to valuable consideration rules for commercial transfers**
(A) *In general* — The second sentence of paragraph (2) shall not apply in the case of a transfer of a life insurance contract, or any intere
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 26 U.S.C. § 101
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) General rule** Except as otherwise provided in this section—
(1) **Additional depreciation after December 31, 1975**
(A) *In general* — If section 1250 property is disposed of after December 31, 1975, then the applicable percentage of the lower of—
(i) that portion of the additional depreciation (as defined in subsection (b)(1) or (4)) attributable to periods after December 31, 1975, in respect of the property, or
(ii) the excess of the amount realized (in the case of a sale, exchange, or involuntary conversion), or the fair market value of such property (in the case of any other disposition), over the adjusted basis of such property,
shall be treated as gain which is ordinary income. Such gain shall be recognized notwithstanding any other provision of this subtitle.
(B) *Applicable percentage* — For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term “applicable percentage” means—
(i) in the case of section 1250 property with respect to which a mortgage is insured under section 221(d)(3) or 236 of the National Housing Act, or housing financed or assisted by direct loan or tax abatement under similar provisions of State or local laws and with respect to which the owner is subject to the restrictions described in section 1039(b)(1)(B) (as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of the Revenue Reconciliation Act of 1990), 100 percent minus 1 percentage point for each full month the property was held after the date the property was held 100 full months;
(ii) in the case of dwelling units which, on the average, were held for occupancy by families or individuals eligible to receive subsidies under section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937, as amended, or under the provisions of State or local law authorizing similar levels of su
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 26 U.S.C. § 1250
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) General rule** There shall be allowed as a deduction any loss sustained during the taxable year and not compensated for by insurance or otherwise.
**(b) Amount of deduction** For purposes of subsection (a), the basis for determining the amount of the deduction for any loss shall be the adjusted basis provided in section 1011 for determining the loss from the sale or other disposition of property.
**(c) Limitation on losses of individuals** In the case of an individual, the deduction under subsection (a) shall be limited to—
(1) losses incurred in a trade or business;
(2) losses incurred in any transaction entered into for profit, though not connected with a trade or business; and
(3) except as provided in subsection (h), losses of property not connected with a trade or business or a transaction entered into for profit, if such losses arise from fire, storm, shipwreck, or other casualty, or from theft.
**(d) Wagering losses**
(1) **In general** — For purposes of losses from wagering transactions, the amount allowed as a deduction for any taxable year—
(A) shall be equal to 90 percent of the amount of such losses during such taxable year, and
(B) shall be allowed only to the extent of the gains from such transactions during such taxable year.
(2) **Special rule** — For purposes of paragraph (1), the term “losses from wagering transactions” includes any deduction otherwise allowable under this chapter incurred in carrying on any wagering transaction.
**(e) Theft losses** For purposes of subsection (a), any loss arising from theft shall be treated as sustained during the taxable year in which the taxpayer discovers such loss.
**(f) Capital losses** Losses from sales or exchanges of capital assets shall be allowed only to the extent allowed in sections
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 26 U.S.C. § 165
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) General rule** Notwithstanding section 263, all expenditures (other than expenditures for the purchase of land or depreciable property or for the acquisition of circulation through the purchase of any part of the business of another publisher of a newspaper, magazine, or other periodical) to establish, maintain, or increase the circulation of a newspaper, magazine, or other periodical shall be allowed as a deduction; except that the deduction shall not be allowed with respect to the portion of such expenditures as, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, is chargeable to capital account if the taxpayer elects, in accordance with such regulations, to treat such portion as so chargeable. Such election, if made, must be for the total amount of such portion of the expenditures which is so chargeable to capital account, and shall be binding for all subsequent taxable years unless, upon application by the taxpayer, the Secretary permits a revocation of such election subject to such conditions as he deems necessary.
**(b) Cross reference** For election of 3-year amortization of expenditures allowable as a deduction under subsection (a), see section 59(e).
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 26 U.S.C. § 173
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Allowance of deduction** There shall be allowed as a deduction the expenses paid during the taxable year, not compensated for by insurance or otherwise, for medical care of the taxpayer, his spouse, or a dependent (as defined in section 152, determined without regard to subsections (b)(1), (b)(2), and (d)(1)(B) thereof), to the extent that such expenses exceed 7.5 percent of adjusted gross income.
**(b) Limitation with respect to medicine and drugs** An amount paid during the taxable year for medicine or a drug shall be taken into account under subsection (a) only if such medicine or drug is a prescribed drug or is insulin.
**(c) Special rule for decedents**
(1) **Treatment of expenses paid after death** — For purposes of subsection (a), expenses for the medical care of the taxpayer which are paid out of his estate during the 1-year period beginning with the day after the date of his death shall be treated as paid by the taxpayer at the time incurred.
(2) **Limitation** — Paragraph (1) shall not apply if the amount paid is allowable under section 2053 as a deduction in computing the taxable estate of the decedent, but this paragraph shall not apply if (within the time and in the manner and form prescribed by the Secretary) there is filed—
(A) a statement that such amount has not been allowed as a deduction under section 2053, and
(B) a waiver of the right to have such amount allowed at any time as a deduction under section 2053.
**(d) Definitions** For purposes of this section—
(1) The term “medical care” means amounts paid—
(A) for the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease, or for the purpose of affecting any structure or function of the body,
(B) for transportation primarily for and essential to medical care referred
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 26 U.S.C. § 213
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Allowance of deduction** In the case of an individual, there shall be allowed as a deduction an amount equal to the qualified retirement contributions of the individual for the taxable year.
**(b) Maximum amount of deduction**
(1) **In general** — The amount allowable as a deduction under subsection (a) to any individual for any taxable year shall not exceed the lesser of—
(A) the deductible amount, or
(B) an amount equal to the compensation includible in the individual’s gross income for such taxable year.
(2) **Special rule for employer contributions under simplified employee pensions** — This section shall not apply with respect to an employer contribution to a simplified employee pension.
(3) **Plans under section 501(c)(18)** — Notwithstanding paragraph (1), the amount allowable as a deduction under subsection (a) with respect to any contributions on behalf of an employee to a plan described in section 501(c)(18) shall not exceed the lesser of—
(A) $7,000, or
(B) an amount equal to 25 percent of the compensation (as defined in section 415(c)(3)) includible in the individual’s gross income for such taxable year.
(4) **Special rule for simple retirement accounts** — This section shall not apply with respect to any amount contributed to a simple retirement account established under section 408(p).
(5) **Deductible amount** — For purposes of paragraph (1)(A)—
(A) *In general* — The deductible amount is $5,000.
(B) *Catch-up contributions for individuals 50 or older*
(i) *In general* — In the case of an individual who has attained the age of 50 before the close of the taxable year, the deductible amount for such taxable year shall be increased by the applicable amount.
(ii) *Applicable amount* — For purposes of clause (i), the app
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 26 U.S.C. § 219
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) General rule** No deduction shall be allowed for—
(1) Any amount paid out for new buildings or for permanent improvements or betterments made to increase the value of any property or estate. This paragraph shall not apply to—
(A) expenditures for the development of mines or deposits deductible under section 616,
(B) research and experimental expenditures deductible under section 174 or 174A,
(C) soil and water conservation expenditures deductible under section 175,
(D) expenditures by farmers for fertilizer, etc., deductible under section 180,
(E) expenditures for removal of architectural and transportation barriers to the handicapped and elderly which the taxpayer elects to deduct under section 190,
(F) expenditures for tertiary injectants with respect to which a deduction is allowed under section 193,
(G) expenditures for which a deduction is allowed under section 179,
(H) expenditures for which a deduction is allowed under section 179B,
(I) expenditures for which a deduction is allowed under section 179C,
(J) expenditures for which a deduction is allowed under section 179D, or
(K) expenditures for which a deduction is allowed under section 179E.
(2) Any amount expended in restoring property or in making good the exhaustion thereof for which an allowance is or has been made.
**(b) Repealed. Pub. L. 101–508, title XI, § 11801(a)(16), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–520]**
**(c) Intangible drilling and development costs in the case of oil and gas wells and geothermal wells** Notwithstanding subsection (a), and except as provided in subsection (i), regulations shall be prescribed by the Secretary under this subtitle corresponding to the regulations which granted the option to deduct as expenses intangible drilling and development c
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 26 U.S.C. § 263
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Reduction in certain preference items, etc.** For purposes of this subtitle, in the case of a corporation—
(1) **Section 1250 capital gain treatment** — In the case of section 1250 property which is disposed of during the taxable year, 20 percent of the excess (if any) of—
(A) the amount which would be treated as ordinary income if such property was section 1245 property, over
(B) the amount treated as ordinary income under section 1250 (determined without regard to this paragraph),
shall be treated as gain which is ordinary income under section 1250 and shall be recognized notwithstanding any other provision of this title. Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, the provisions of this paragraph shall not apply to the disposition of any property to the extent section 1250(a) does not apply to such disposition by reason of section 1250(d).
(2) **Reduction in percentage depletion** — In the case of iron ore and coal (including lignite), the amount allowable as a deduction under section 613 with respect to any property (as defined in section 614) shall be reduced by 20 percent of the amount of the excess (if any) of—
(A) the amount of the deduction allowable under section 613 for the taxable year (determined without regard to this paragraph), over
(B) the adjusted basis of the property at the close of the taxable year (determined without regard to the depletion deduction for the taxable year).
(3) **Certain financial institution preference items** — The amount allowable as a deduction under this chapter (determined without regard to this section) with respect to any financial institution preference item shall be reduced by 20 percent.
(4) **Amortization of pollution control facilities** — If an election is made under section 169 with respect
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 26 U.S.C. § 291
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, a distribution of property (as defined in section 317(a)) made by a corporation to a shareholder with respect to its stock shall be treated in the manner provided in subsection (c).
**(b) Amount distributed**
(1) **General rule** — For purposes of this section, the amount of any distribution shall be the amount of money received, plus the fair market value of the other property received.
(2) **Reduction for liabilities** — The amount of any distribution determined under paragraph (1) shall be reduced (but not below zero) by—
(A) the amount of any liability of the corporation assumed by the shareholder in connection with the distribution, and
(B) the amount of any liability to which the property received by the shareholder is subject immediately before, and immediately after, the distribution.
(3) **Determination of fair market value** — For purposes of this section, fair market value shall be determined as of the date of the distribution.
**(c) Amount taxable** In the case of a distribution to which subsection (a) applies—
(1) **Amount constituting dividend** — That portion of the distribution which is a dividend (as defined in section 316) shall be included in gross income.
(2) **Amount applied against basis** — That portion of the distribution which is not a dividend shall be applied against and reduce the adjusted basis of the stock.
(3) **Amount in excess of basis**
(A) *In general* — Except as provided in subparagraph (B), that portion of the distribution which is not a dividend, to the extent that it exceeds the adjusted basis of the stock, shall be treated as gain from the sale or exchange of property.
(B) *Distributions out of increase in value accrued before March 1, 1913* — Th
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 26 U.S.C. § 301
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) General rule** If a corporation redeems its stock (within the meaning of section 317(b)), and if paragraph (1), (2), (3), (4), or (5) of subsection (b) applies, such redemption shall be treated as a distribution in part or full payment in exchange for the stock.
**(b) Redemptions treated as exchanges**
(1) **Redemptions not equivalent to dividends** — Subsection (a) shall apply if the redemption is not essentially equivalent to a dividend.
(2) **Substantially disproportionate redemption of stock**
(A) *In general* — Subsection (a) shall apply if the distribution is substantially disproportionate with respect to the shareholder.
(B) *Limitation* — This paragraph shall not apply unless immediately after the redemption the shareholder owns less than 50 percent of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock entitled to vote.
(C) *Definitions* — For purposes of this paragraph, the distribution is substantially disproportionate if—
(i) the ratio which the voting stock of the corporation owned by the shareholder immediately after the redemption bears to all of the voting stock of the corporation at such time,
is less than 80 percent of—
(ii) the ratio which the voting stock of the corporation owned by the shareholder immediately before the redemption bears to all of the voting stock of the corporation at such time.
For purposes of this paragraph, no distribution shall be treated as substantially disproportionate unless the shareholder’s ownership of the common stock of the corporation (whether voting or nonvoting) after and before redemption also meets the 80 percent requirement of the preceding sentence. For purposes of the preceding sentence, if there is more than one class of common stock, the determinations shall be made by r
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 26 U.S.C. § 302
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