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15 U.S.C. § 1232 — Label and entry requirements
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Every manufacturer of new automobiles distributed in commerce shall, prior to the delivery of any new automobile to any dealer, or at or prior to the introduction date of new models delivered to a dealer prior to such introduction date, securely affix to the windshield, or side window of such automobile a label on which such manufacturer shall endorse clearly, distinctly and legibly true and correct entries disclosing the following information concerning such automobile—
**(a)** the make, model, and serial or identification number or numbers;
**(b)** the final assembly point;
**(c)** the name, and the location of the place of business, of the dealer to whom it is to be delivered;
**(d)** the name of the city or town at which it is to be delivered to such dealer;
**(e)** the method of transportation used in making delivery of such automobile, if driven or towed from final assembly point to place of delivery;
**(f)** the following information:
(1) the retail price of such automobile suggested by the manufacturer;
(2) the retail delivered price suggested by the manufacturer for each accessory or item of optional equipment, physically attached to such automobile at the time of its delivery to such dealer, which is not included within the price of such automobile as stated pursuant to paragraph (1);
(3) the amount charged, if any, to such dealer for the transportation of such automobile to the location at which it is delivered to such dealer; and
(4) the total of the amounts specified pursuant to paragraphs (1), (2), and (3);
**(g)** if one or more safety ratings for such automobile have been assigned and formally published or released by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration under the New Car Assessment Program, information about safety ratings that—
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-15/section-1232-label-and-entry-requirements--14f9e93101.md
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Source location: Title 15, Chapter 28, § 1232; chapter-028-disclosure-of-automobile-information.md
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Every manufacturer of new automobiles distributed in commerce shall, prior to the delivery of any new automobile to any dealer, or at or prior to the introduction date of new models delivered to a dealer prior to such introduction date, securely affix to the windshield, or side window of such automobile a label on which such manufacturer shall endorse clearly, distinctly and legibly true and correct entries disclosing the following information concerning such automobile—
**(a)** the make, model, and serial or identification number or numbers;
**(b)** the final assembly point;
**(c)** the name, and the location of the place of business, of the dealer to whom it is to be delivered;
**(d)** the name of the city or town at which it is to be delivered to such dealer;
**(e)** the method of transportation used in making delivery of such automobile, if driven or towed from final assembly point to place of delivery;
**(f)** the following information:
(1) the retail price of such automobile suggested by the manufacturer;
(2) the retail delivered price suggested by the manufacturer for each accessory or item of optional equipment, physically attached to such automobile at the time of its delivery to such dealer, which is not included within the price of such automobile as stated pursuant to paragraph (1);
(3) the amount charged, if any, to such dealer for the transportation of such automobile to the location at which it is delivered to such dealer; and
(4) the total of the amounts specified pursuant to paragraphs (1), (2), and (3);
**(g)** if one or more safety ratings for such automobile have been assigned and formally published or released by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration under the New Car Assessment Program, information about safety ratings that—
(1) includes a graphic depiction of the number of stars, or other applicable rating, that corresponds to each such assigned safety rating displayed in a clearly differentiated fashion indicating the maximum possible safety rating;
(2) refers to safety rating categories that may include frontal impact crash tests, side impact crash tests, and rollover resistance tests (whether or not such automobile has been assigned a safety rating for such tests);
(3) contains information describing the nature and meaning of the crash test data presented and a reference to additional vehicle safety resources, including http://www.safecar.gov; 11 So in original. Probably should be “http://www.safercar.gov;”. and
(4) is presented in a legible, visible, and prominent fashion and covers at least—
(A) 8 percent of the total area of the label; or
(B) an area with a minimum length of 4½ inches and a minimum height of 3½ inches; and
**(h)** if an automobile has not been tested by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration under the New Car Assessment Program, or safety ratings for such automobile have not been assigned in one or more rating categories, a statement to that effect.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
For purposes of this chapter—
**(a)** The term “manufacturer” shall mean any person engaged in the manufacturing or assembling of new automobiles, including any person importing new automobiles for resale and any person who acts for and is under the control of such manufacturer, assembler, or importer in connection with the distribution of new automobiles.
**(b)** The term “person” means an individual, partnership, corporation, business trust, or any organized group of persons.
**(c)** The term “automobile” includes any passenger car or station wagon.
**(d)** The term “new automobile” means an automobile the equitable or legal title to which has never been transferred by a manufacturer, distributor, or dealer to an ultimate purchaser.
**(e)** The term “dealer” shall mean any person resident or located in the United States or any Territory thereof or in the District of Columbia engaged in the sale or the distribution of new automobiles to the ultimate purchaser.
**(f)** The term “final assembly point” means—
(1) in the case of a new automobile manufactured or assembled in the United States, or in any Territory of the United States, the plant, factory, or other place at which a new automobile is produced or assembled by a manufacturer and from which such automobile is delivered to a dealer in such a condition that all component parts necessary to the mechanical operation of such automobile are included with such automobile, whether or not such component parts are permanently installed in or on such automobile; and
(2) in the case of a new automobile imported into the United States, the port of importation.
**(g)** The term “ultimate purchaser” means, with respect to any new automobile, the first person, other than a dealer purchasing in his capacity as a dealer,
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 15 U.S.C. § 1231
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Definitions.—** In this title, the following definitions apply:
(1) **Apportionment.—** — The term “apportionment” includes unexpended apportionments made under prior authorization laws.
(2) **Asset management.—** — The term “asset management” means a strategic and systematic process of operating, maintaining, and improving physical assets, with a focus on both engineering and economic analysis based upon quality information, to identify a structured sequence of maintenance, preservation, repair, rehabilitation, and replacement actions that will achieve and sustain a desired state of good repair over the lifecycle of the assets at minimum practicable cost.
(3) **Carpool project.—** — The term “carpool project” means any project to encourage the use of carpools and vanpools, including provision of carpooling opportunities to the elderly and individuals with disabilities, systems for locating potential riders and informing them of carpool opportunities, acquiring vehicles for carpool use, designating existing highway lanes as preferential carpool highway lanes, providing related traffic control devices, designating existing facilities for use for preferential parking for carpools, and real-time ridesharing projects, such as projects where drivers, using an electronic transfer of funds, recover costs directly associated with the trip provided through the use of location technology to quantify those direct costs, subject to the condition that the cost recovered does not exceed the cost of the trip provided.
(4) **Construction.—** — The term “construction” means the supervising, inspecting, actual building, and incurrence of all costs incidental to the construction or reconstruction of a highway or any project eligible for assistance under this title, including bon
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 23 U.S.C. § 101
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Failure to affix required label** Any manufacturer of automobiles distributed in commerce who willfully fails to affix to any new automobile manufactured or imported by him the label required by [section 1232 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section1232&num=0&edition=prelim) shall be fined not more than $1,000. Such failure with respect to each automobile shall constitute a separate offense.
**(b) Failure to endorse required label** Any manufacturer of automobiles distributed in commerce who willfully fails to endorse clearly, distinctly and legibly any label as required by [section 1232 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section1232&num=0&edition=prelim), or who makes a false endorsement of any such label, shall be fined not more than $1,000. Such failure or false endorsement with respect to each automobile shall constitute a separate offense.
**(c) Removal, alteration, or illegibility of required label** Any person who willfully removes, alters, or renders illegible any label affixed to a new automobile pursuant to [section 1232 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section1232&num=0&edition=prelim), or any endorsement thereon, prior to the time that such automobile is delivered to the actual custody and possession of the ultimate purchaser of such new automobile, except where the manufacturer relabels the automobile in the event the same is rerouted, repurchased, or reacquired by the manufacturer of such automobile, shall be fined not more than $1,000, or imprisoned not more than one year, or both. Such removal, alteration, or rendering illegible with respect to each automobile shall constitute a separate offense.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 15 U.S.C. § 1233
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) 11 So in original. Probably should be “(a)”. Vehicles Used for Particular Purposes.22 So in original. Probably should be followed by a dash. The Secretary of Transportation may exempt a motor vehicle or item of motor vehicle equipment from [section 30112(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section30112/a&num=0&edition=prelim) on terms the Secretary decides are necessary for research, investigations, demonstrations, training, competitive racing events, show, or display.**
**(b) Exemption for Low-volume Manufacturers.—**
(1) **In general.—** — The Secretary shall—
(A) exempt from [section 30112(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section30112/a&num=0&edition=prelim) not more than 325 replica motor vehicles per year that are manufactured or imported by a low-volume manufacturer; and
(B) except as provided in paragraph (4) of this subsection, limit any such exemption to the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards applicable to motor vehicles and not motor vehicle equipment.
(2) **Registration requirement.—** — To qualify for an exemption under paragraph (1), a low-volume manufacturer shall register with the Secretary at such time, in such manner, and under such terms that the Secretary determines appropriate. The Secretary shall establish terms that ensure that no person may register as a low-volume manufacturer if the person is registered as an importer under [section 30141 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section30141&num=0&edition=prelim).
(3) **Permanent label requirement.—**
(A) *In general.—* — The Secretary shall require a low-volume manufacturer to affix a permanent label to a motor vehicle exempte
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 49 U.S.C. § 30114
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Information Program.—** The Secretary of Transportation (referred to in this section as the “Secretary”) shall maintain a program for developing the following information on passenger motor vehicles:
(1) damage susceptibility.
(2) crashworthiness, crash avoidance, and any other areas the Secretary determines will improve the safety of passenger motor vehicles.
(3) the degree of difficulty of diagnosis and repair of damage to, or failure of, mechanical and electrical systems.
**(b) Motor Vehicle Information.—** To assist a consumer in buying a passenger motor vehicle, the Secretary shall provide to the public information developed under subsection (a) of this section. The information shall be in a simple and understandable form that allows comparison of the characteristics referred to in subsection (a)(1)–(3) of this section among the makes and models of passenger motor vehicles. The Secretary may require passenger motor vehicle dealers to distribute the information to prospective buyers. The Secretary, after providing an opportunity for public comment, shall study and report to Congress the most useful data, format, and method for providing simple and understandable damage susceptibility information to consumers.
**(c) Crash Avoidance.—** Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Safety Through Informed Consumers Act of 2015, the Secretary shall promulgate a rule to ensure that crash avoidance information is indicated next to crashworthiness information on stickers placed on motor vehicles by their manufacturers.
**(d) Motor Vehicle Defect Reporting Information.—**
(1) **Rulemaking required.—** — Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Motor Vehicle and Highway Safety Improvement Act of 2012, the Secretary shall prescribe reg
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 49 U.S.C. § 32302
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Definitions.—** In this section—
(1) “allied supplier” means a supplier of passenger motor vehicle equipment that is wholly owned by the manufacturer, or if a joint venture vehicle assembly arrangement, a supplier that is wholly owned by one member of the joint venture arrangement.
(2)
(A) “carline”—
(i) means a name given a group of passenger motor vehicles that has a degree of commonality in construction such as body and chassis;
(ii) does not consider a level of decor or opulence; and
(iii) except for light duty trucks, is not generally distinguished by characteristics such as roof line, number of doors, seats, or windows; and
(B) light duty trucks are different carlines than passenger motor vehicles.
(3) “country of origin”, when referring to the origin of an engine or transmission, means the country from which the largest share of the dollar value added to an engine or transmission has originated—
(A) with the United States and Canada treated as separate countries; and
(B) the estimate of the percentage of the dollar value shall be based on the purchase price of direct materials, as received at individual engine or transmission plants, of engines of the same displacement and transmissions of the same transmission type, plus the assembly and labor costs incurred for the final assembly of such engines and transmissions.
(4) “dealer” means a person residing or located in the United States, including the District of Columbia or a territory or possession of the United States, and engaged in selling or distributing new passenger motor vehicles to the ultimate purchaser.
(5) “final assembly place” means the plant, factory, or other place at which a new passenger motor vehicle is produced or assembled by a manufacturer, and from which
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 49 U.S.C. § 32304
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Definitions.—** In this section—
(1) “automobile” includes an automobile rated at not more than 8,500 pounds gross vehicle weight regardless of whether the Secretary of Transportation has applied this chapter to the automobile under [section 32901(a)(3)(B) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section32901/a/3/B&num=0&edition=prelim).
(2) “dealer” means a person residing or located in a State, the District of Columbia, or a territory or possession of the United States, and engaged in the sale or distribution of new automobiles to the first person (except a dealer buying as a dealer) that buys the automobile in good faith other than for resale.
**(b) Labeling Requirements and Contents.—**
(1) Under regulations of the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, a manufacturer of automobiles shall attach a label to a prominent place on each automobile manufactured in a model year. The dealer shall maintain the label on the automobile. The label shall contain the following information:
(A) the fuel economy of the automobile.
(B) the estimated annual fuel cost of operating the automobile.
(C) the range of fuel economy of comparable automobiles of all manufacturers.
(D) a statement that a booklet is available from the dealer to assist in making a comparison of fuel economy of other automobiles manufactured by all manufacturers in that model year.
(E) the amount of the automobile fuel efficiency tax imposed on the sale of the automobile under section 4064 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 ([26 U.S.C. 4064](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title26-section4064&num=0&edition=prelim)).
(F) other information required or authorized by the Administrator that is related t
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 49 U.S.C. § 32908
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 1358
TITLE 15—COMMERCE AND TRADE
§ 1231
(b) Application
Subsection (a) shall apply to contracts entered
into, amended, altered, modified, renewed, or ex-
tended after November 2, 2002.
(Pub. L. 107–273, div. C, title I, § 11028, Nov. 2,
2002, 116 Stat. 1835.)
Editorial Notes
REFERENCES IN TEXT
Section 30102(6) of title 49, referred to in subsec.
(a)(1)(A), probably should be ‘‘section 30102(a)(6) of title
49’’, which was redesignated section 30102(a)(7) of title
49 by section 24109(b)(2) of Pub. L. 114–94, div. B, title
XXIV, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1706.
CODIFICATION
Section was enacted as part of the 21st Century De-
partment of Justice Appropriations Authorization Act,
and not as part of act Aug. 8, 1956, ch. 1038, which com-
prises this chapter.
CHAPTER 28—DISCLOSURE OF AUTOMOBILE
INFORMATION
Sec.
1231.
Definitions.
1232.
Label and entry requirements.
1232a.
Repealed.
1233.
Violations and penalties.
§ 1231. Definitions
For purposes of this chapter—
(a) The term ‘‘manufacturer’’ shall mean any
person engaged in the manufacturing or assem-
bling of new automobiles, including any person
importing new automobiles for resale and any
person who acts for and is under the control of
such manufacturer, assembler, or importer in
connection with the distribution of new auto-
mobiles.
(b) The term ‘‘person’’ means an individual,
partnership, corporation, business trust, or any
organized group of persons.
(c) The term ‘‘automobile’’ includes any pas-
senger car or station wagon.
(d) The term ‘‘new automobile’’ means an
automobile the equitable or legal title to which
has never been transferred by a manufacturer,
distributor, or dealer to an ultimate purchaser.
(e) The term ‘‘dealer’’ shall mean any person
resident or located in the Un
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 15 U.S.C. § 1232
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. Same stored citation; legal effect and authority still require review.