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18 U.S.C. § 648 — Custodians, generally, misusing public funds
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Whoever, being an officer or other person charged by any Act of Congress with the safe-keeping of the public moneys, loans, uses, or converts to his own use, or deposits in any bank, including any branch or agency of a foreign bank (as such terms are defined in paragraphs (1) and (3) of section 1(b) of the International Banking Act of 1978), or exchanges for other funds, except as specially allowed by law, any portion of the public moneys intrusted to him for safe-keeping, is guilty of embezzlement of the money so loaned, used, converted, deposited, or exchanged, and shall be fined under this title or in a sum equal to the amount of money so embezzled, whichever is greater, or imprisoned not more than ten years, or both; but if the amount embezzled does not exceed $1,000, he shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than one year, or both.
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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_0bd4d43f1274aacd38882fc7
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-18/section-648-custodians-generally-misusing-public-funds--863270f43f.md
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Source location: Title 18, Chapter 31, § 648; chapter-031-embezzlement-and-theft.md
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Whoever, being an officer or other person charged by any Act of Congress with the safe-keeping of the public moneys, loans, uses, or converts to his own use, or deposits in any bank, including any branch or agency of a foreign bank (as such terms are defined in paragraphs (1) and (3) of section 1(b) of the International Banking Act of 1978), or exchanges for other funds, except as specially allowed by law, any portion of the public moneys intrusted to him for safe-keeping, is guilty of embezzlement of the money so loaned, used, converted, deposited, or exchanged, and shall be fined under this title or in a sum equal to the amount of money so embezzled, whichever is greater, or imprisoned not more than ten years, or both; but if the amount embezzled does not exceed $1,000, he shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than one year, or both.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
For the purposes of this chapter—
(1) “agency” means any office or any place of business of a foreign bank located in any State of the United States at which credit balances are maintained incidental to or arising out of the exercise of banking powers, checks are paid, or money is lent but at which deposits may not be accepted from citizens or residents of the United States;
(2) “Board” means the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System;
(3) “branch” means any office or any place of business of a foreign bank located in any State of the United States at which deposits are received;
(4) “Comptroller” means the Comptroller of the Currency;
(5) “Federal agency” means an agency of a foreign bank established and operating under [section 3102 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title12-section3102&num=0&edition=prelim);
(6) “Federal branch” means a branch of a foreign bank established and operating under [section 3102 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title12-section3102&num=0&edition=prelim);
(7) “foreign bank” means any company organized under the laws of a foreign country, a territory of the United States, Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, or the Virgin Islands, which engages in the business of banking, or any subsidiary or affiliate, organized under such laws, of any such company. For the purposes of this chapter the term “foreign bank” includes, without limitation, foreign commercial banks, foreign merchant banks and other foreign institutions that engage in banking activities usual in connection with the business of banking in the countries where such foreign institutions are organized or operating;
(8) “foreign country” means any country other than the United States, and
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 12 U.S.C. § 3101
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Certification required for exemption of undercover operations from certain laws** With respect to any undercover investigative operation of the United States Customs Service (hereinafter in this section referred to as the “Service”) which is necessary for the detection and prosecution of offenses against the United States which are within the jurisdiction of the Secretary of the Treasury—
(1) sums authorized to be appropriated for the Service may be used—
(A) to purchase property, buildings, and other facilities, and to lease space, within the United States, the District of Columbia, and the territories and possessions of the United States without regard to—
(i) sections 1341 and 3324 of title 31,
(ii) sections 6301(a) and (b)(1) to (3) and 6306 of title 41,
(iii) chapter 45 of title 41,
(iv) [section 8141 of title 40](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title40-section8141&num=0&edition=prelim), and
(v) [section 3901 of title 41](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title41-section3901&num=0&edition=prelim), and
(B) to establish or to acquire proprietary corporations or business entities as part of the undercover operation, and to operate such corporations or business entities on a commercial basis, without regard to sections 9102 and 9103 of title 31;
(2) sums authorized to be appropriated for the Service and the proceeds from the undercover operation, may be deposited in banks or other financial institutions without regard to the provisions of [section 648 of title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section648&num=0&edition=prelim) and [section 3302 of title 31](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title31-section3302&n
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 19 U.S.C. § 2081
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Enforcement of subtitle E and other laws pertaining to liquor, tobacco, and firearms** Any investigator, agent, or other internal revenue officer by whatever term designated, whom the Secretary charges with the duty of enforcing any of the criminal, seizure, or forfeiture provisions of subtitle E or of any other law of the United States pertaining to the commodities subject to tax under such subtitle for the enforcement of which the Secretary is responsible, may—
(1) carry firearms;
(2) execute and serve search warrants and arrest warrants, and serve subpoenas and summonses issued under authority of the United States;
(3) in respect to the performance of such duty, make arrests without warrant for any offense against the United States committed in his presence, or for any felony cognizable under the laws of the United States if he has reasonable grounds to believe that the person to be arrested has committed, or is committing, such felony; and
(4) in respect to the performance of such duty, make seizures of property subject to forfeiture to the United States.
**(b) Enforcement of laws relating to internal revenue other than subtitle E**
(1) Any criminal investigator of the Intelligence Division of the Internal Revenue Service whom the Secretary charges with the duty of enforcing any of the criminal provisions of the internal revenue laws, any other criminal provisions of law relating to internal revenue for the enforcement of which the Secretary is responsible, or any other law for which the Secretary has delegated investigatory authority to the Internal Revenue Service, is, in the performance of his duties, authorized to perform the functions described in paragraph (2).
(2) The functions authorized under this subsection to be performed by an officer referr
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 26 U.S.C. § 7608
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The Attorney General may appoint officials—
(1) to detect and prosecute crimes against the United States;
(2) to assist in the protection of the person of the President; and 11 So in original. The word “and” probably should not appear.
(3) to assist in the protection of the person of the Attorney General.22 So in original. The period probably should be “; and”.
(4) to conduct such other investigations regarding official matters under the control of the Department of Justice and the Department of State as may be directed by the Attorney General.
This section does not limit the authority of departments and agencies to investigate crimes against the United States when investigative jurisdiction has been assigned by law to such departments and agencies.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 28 U.S.C. § 533
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Authorities** In order to enforce this subchapter, the Secretary, on behalf of the President, may exercise, in addition to relevant enforcement authorities of other Federal agencies, the authority to—
(1) issue orders and guidelines;
(2) require, inspect, and obtain books, records, and any other information from any person subject to the provisions of this subchapter;
(3) administer oaths or affirmations and by subpoena require any person to appear and testify or to appear and produce books, records, and other writings, or both;
(4) conduct investigations within the United States and outside the United States consistent with applicable law;
(5) inspect, search, detain, seize, or issue temporary denial orders with respect to items, in any form, that are subject to controls under this subchapter, or conveyances on which it is believed that there are items that have been, are being, or are about to be exported, reexported, or in-country transferred in violation of this subchapter, or any regulations, order, license, or other authorization issued thereunder;
(6) carry firearms;
(7) conduct prelicense inspections and post-shipment verifications; and
(8) execute warrants and make arrests.
**(b) Undercover investigations**
(1) **In general** — Amounts made available to carry out this subchapter may be used by the Secretary to carry out undercover investigations that are necessary for detection and prosecution of violations of this subchapter, including to—
(A) purchase property, buildings, and other facilities, and to lease space, within the United States, the District of Columbia, and the territories and possessions of the United States without regard to—
(i) sections 1341 and 3324 of title 31;
(ii) [section 8141 of title 40](https://uscode.house.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 50 U.S.C. § 4821
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) United States Secret Service use of proceeds derived from criminal investigations** During fiscal year 2014 and thereafter, with respect to any undercover investigative operation of the United States Secret Service (hereafter referred to in this section as the “Secret Service”) that is necessary for the detection and prosecution of crimes against the United States—
(1) sums appropriated for the Secret Service, including unobligated balances available from prior fiscal years, may be used for purchasing property, buildings, and other facilities, and for leasing space, within the United States, the District of Columbia, and the territories and possessions of the United States, without regard to sections 1341 and 3324 of title 31, [section 8141 of title 40](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title40-section8141&num=0&edition=prelim), sections 6301(a), (b)(1) to (3) and 6306(a) of title 41, and section 3901 and chapter 45 of title 41;
(2) sums appropriated for the Secret Service, including unobligated balances available from prior fiscal years, may be used to establish or to acquire proprietary corporations or business entities as part of such undercover operation, and to operate such corporations or business entities on a commercial basis, without regard to sections 9102 and 9103 of title 31;
(3) sums appropriated for the Secret Service, including unobligated balances available from prior fiscal years and the proceeds from such undercover operation, may be deposited in banks or other financial institutions, without regard to [section 648 of title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section648&num=0&edition=prelim) and [section 3302 of title 31](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-preli
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 6 U.S.C. § 396
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** With respect to any undercover investigative operation of the Service which is necessary for the detection and prosecution of crimes against the United States—
(1) sums appropriated for the Service may be used for leasing space within the United States and the territories and possessions of the United States without regard to the following provisions of law:
(A) [section 1341(a) of title 31](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title31-section1341/a&num=0&edition=prelim),
(B) section 6301(a) and (b)(1) to (3) of title 41,
(C) chapter 45 of title 41,
(D) [section 8141 of title 40](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title40-section8141&num=0&edition=prelim),
(E) section 3324(a) and (b) of title 31,
(F) [section 6306 of title 41](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title41-section6306&num=0&edition=prelim), and
(G) [section 3901 of title 41](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title41-section3901&num=0&edition=prelim);
(2) sums appropriated for the Service may be used to establish or to acquire proprietary corporations or business entities as part of an undercover operation, and to operate such corporations or business entities on a commercial basis, without regard to the provisions of [section 9102 of title 31](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title31-section9102&num=0&edition=prelim);
(3) sums appropriated for the Service, and the proceeds from the undercover operation, may be deposited in banks or other financial institutions without regard to the provisions of [section 648 of title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section648&num=0&edition=prelim) and of [section
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 8 U.S.C. § 1363a
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 155
TITLE 18—CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
§ 650
§ 648. Custodians, generally, misusing public
funds
Whoever, being an officer or other person
charged by any Act of Congress with the safe-
keeping of the public moneys, loans, uses, or
converts to his own use, or deposits in any bank,
including any branch or agency of a foreign
bank (as such terms are defined in paragraphs
(1) and (3) of section 1(b) of the International
Banking Act of 1978), or exchanges for other
funds, except as specially allowed by law, any
portion of the public moneys intrusted to him
for safe-keeping, is guilty of embezzlement of
the money so loaned, used, converted, deposited,
or exchanged, and shall be fined under this title
or in a sum equal to the amount of money so
embezzled, whichever is greater, or imprisoned
not more than ten years, or both; but if the
amount embezzled does not exceed $1,000, he
shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not
more than one year, or both.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 727; Pub. L.
101–647, title XXV, § 2597(d), Nov. 29, 1990, 104
Stat.
4909;
Pub.
L.
103–322,
title
XXXIII,
§ 330016(1)(H), (2)(G), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147,
2148; Pub. L. 104–294, title VI, § 606(a), Oct. 11,
1996, 110 Stat. 3511.)
HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES
Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 175 (Mar. 4, 1909,
ch. 321, § 89, 35 Stat. 1105).
Mandatory punishment provision was rephrased in
the alternative.
The smaller punishment for an offense involving $100
or less was inserted. (See reviser’s notes under sections
641 and 645 of this title.)
Minor changes in phraseology were made.
Editorial Notes
REFERENCES IN TEXT
Section 1(b) of the International Banking Act of 1978,
referred to in text, is classified to section 3101 of Title
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 18 U.S.C. § 648
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