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45 U.S.C. § 1105 — Judicial review

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45 U.S.C. § 1105 — Judicial review

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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_093a93edaf17369fc857f83a
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-45/section-1105-judicial-review--86fa34a1c2.md
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Source location: Title 45, Chapter 20, § 1105; chapter-020-northeast-rail-service.md

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**(a) Special court; exclusive jurisdiction for civil actions** Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the special court shall have original and exclusive jurisdiction over any civil action— (1) for injunctive, declaratory, or other relief relating to the enforcement, operation, execution, or interpretation of any provision of or amendment made by this subtitle or part 2 of the Conrail Privatization Act [[45 U.S.C. 1311](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title45-section1311&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.], or administrative action taken thereunder to the extent such action is subject to judicial review; (2) challenging the constitutionality of any provision of or amendment made by this subtitle or part 2 of the Conrail Privatization Act [[45 U.S.C. 1311](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title45-section1311&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.]; (3) to obtain, inspect, copy, or review any document in the possession or control of the Secretary, Conrail, the United States Railway Association, or Amtrak that would be discoverable in litigation under any provision of or amendment made by this subtitle or part 2 of the Conrail Privatization Act [[45 U.S.C. 1311](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title45-section1311&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.]; or (4) seeking judgment upon any claim against the United States founded upon the Constitution and resulting from the operation of any provision of or amendment made by this subtitle or part 2 of the Conrail Privatization Act [[45 U.S.C. 1311](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title45-section1311&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.]. **(b) Appeal** An order or judgment of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia in any action referred to in this section shall be reviewable in accordance with sections 1291, 1292, and 1294 of title 28. **(c) Scope of review of administrative actions** Administrative action under the provisions of or amendments made by this subtitle or part 2 of the Conrail Privatization Act [[45 U.S.C. 1311](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title45-section1311&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.] which is subject to review shall be upheld unless such action is found to be unlawful under standards established for review of informal agency action under paragraphs (2)(A), (B), (C), and (D) of [section 706 of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section706&num=0&edition=prelim). The requirements of this subtitle or part 2 of the Conrail Privatization Act [[45 U.S.C. 1311](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title45-section1311&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.], as the case may be, shall constitute the exclusive procedures required by law for such administrative action.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

45 U.S.C. § 1101 — Congressional findings and declarations

The Congress finds and declares that— (1) the processes set in motion by the Regional Rail Reorganization Act of 1973 [[45 U.S.C. 701](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title45-section701&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.] have failed to create a self-sustaining railroad system in the Northeast region of the United States and have cost United States taxpayers many billions of dollars over original estimates; (2) current arrangements for the provision of rail freight and commuter service in the Northeast and Midwest regions of the United States are inadequate to meet the transportation needs of the public and the needs of national security; (3) although the Federal Government has provided billions of dollars in assistance for Conrail and its employees, the Federal interest in ensuring the flow of interstate commerce through rail service in the private sector has not been achieved, and the protection of interstate commerce requires Federal intervention to preserve essential rail service in the private sector; (4) the provisions for protection of employees of bankrupt railroads contained in the Regional Rail Reorganization Act of 1973 [[45 U.S.C. 701](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title45-section701&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.] have resulted in the payment of benefits far in excess of levels anticipated at the time of enactment, have imposed an excessive fiscal burden on the Federal taxpayer, and are now an obstacle to the establishment of improved rail service and continued rail employment in the Northeast region of the United States; and (5) since holding Conrail liable for employee protection payments would destroy its prospects of becoming a profitable carrier and further injure its employees, an alternative

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45 U.S.C. § 1301 — Findings

The Congress finds that— (1) the bankruptcy of the Penn Central and other railroads in the Northeast and Midwest resulted in a transportation emergency which required the intervention of the Federal Government; (2) the United States Government created the Consolidated Rail Corporation, which provides essential rail service to the Northeast and Midwest; (3) the future of rail service in the Northeast and Midwest is essential and must be protected through rail service obligations, consistent with the transfer of the Corporation to the private sector; (4) the Northeast Rail Service Act of 1981 has achieved its purpose in allowing the Corporation to become financially self-sustaining; (5) the Federal Government has invested over $7,000,000,000 in providing rail service to the Northeast and Midwest; (6) the Government, as a result of its ownership and investment of taxpayer dollars in the Corporation, controls substantial assets, including cash of approximately $1,000,000,000; (7) the Corporation’s viability and sound performance allow it to be sold to the American public for a substantial sum through a public offering; (8) a public offering of the Corporation’s stock will preserve competitive rail service in the region, provide a reasonable return to the Government, and protect employment; (9) the Corporation’s employees contributed significantly to the turnaround in the Corporation’s financial performance and they should share in the Corporation’s success through a settlement of their claims for reimbursement for wages below industry standard, and a share in the common equity of the Corporation; (10) the requirements of section 761(e) 11 See References in Text note below. of this title are met by this chapter; and (11) the Secretary of Transportation has dischar

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45 U.S.C. § 719 — Judicial review

**(a) General** Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the final system plan which is adopted by the Association and which becomes effective after review by the Congress is not subject to review by any court except in accordance with this section. After the final system plan becomes effective under [section 718 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title45-section718&num=0&edition=prelim), it may be reviewed with respect to matters concerning the value of the rail properties to be conveyed under the plan and the value of the consideration to be received for such properties. **(b) Special court** (1) Within 30 days after January 2, 1974, the Association shall make application to the judicial panel on multi-district litigation authorized by [section 1407 of title 28](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section1407&num=0&edition=prelim) for the consolidation in a single, three-judge district court of the United States of all judicial proceedings with respect to the final system plan. Within 30 days after such application is received, the panel shall make the consolidation in a district court (cited herein as the “special court”) which the panel determines to be convenient to the parties and the one most likely to be able to conduct any proceedings under this section with the least delay and the greatest possible fairness and ability. Such proceedings shall be conducted by the special court which shall be composed of three Federal judges who shall be selected by the panel, except that none of the judges selected may be a judge assigned to a proceeding involving any railroad in reorganization in the region under section 77 of the Bankruptcy Act. The special court is authorized to exercise the power

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28 U.S.C. § 1407 — Multidistrict litigation

**(a)** When civil actions involving one or more common questions of fact are pending in different districts, such actions may be transferred to any district for coordinated or consolidated pretrial proceedings. Such transfers shall be made by the judicial panel on multidistrict litigation authorized by this section upon its determination that transfers for such proceedings will be for the convenience of parties and witnesses and will promote the just and efficient conduct of such actions. Each action so transferred shall be remanded by the panel at or before the conclusion of such pretrial proceedings to the district from which it was transferred unless it shall have been previously terminated: Provided, however, That the panel may separate any claim, cross-claim, counter-claim, or third-party claim and remand any of such claims before the remainder of the action is remanded. **(b)** Such coordinated or consolidated pretrial proceedings shall be conducted by a judge or judges to whom such actions are assigned by the judicial panel on multidistrict litigation. For this purpose, upon request of the panel, a circuit judge or a district judge may be designated and assigned temporarily for service in the transferee district by the Chief Justice of the United States or the chief judge of the circuit, as may be required, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 13 of this title. With the consent of the transferee district court, such actions may be assigned by the panel to a judge or judges of such district. The judge or judges to whom such actions are assigned, the members of the judicial panel on multidistrict litigation, and other circuit and district judges designated when needed by the panel may exercise the powers of a district judge in any district for the purpose

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45 U.S.C. § 1341 — Abolition of United States Railway Association

**(a) Abolition and termination** (1) Effective April 1, 1987, the United States Railway Association is abolished. (2) On January 1, 1987, all powers, duties, rights, and obligations of such association relating to the Corporation under the Regional Rail Reorganization Act of 1973 ([45 U.S.C. 701](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title45-section701&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.) shall be transferred to the Secretary of Transportation. (3) The sole function of the United States Railway Association after January 1, 1987, shall be the termination of its affairs and the liquidation of its assets. **(b) Transfer of securities and responsibilities** (1) Any securities of the Corporation held by the United States Railway Association shall, upon 11 So in original. Probably should be “on”. October 21, 1986, be transferred to the Secretary of Transportation. (2) If, on the date the United States Railway Association is abolished under subsection (a), such association shall not have completed the termination of its affairs and the liquidation of its assets, the duty of completing such winding up of its affairs and liquidation shall be transferred to the Secretary of Transportation, who for such purposes shall succeed to all remaining powers, duties, rights, and obligations of such association. **(c) Financing agreement** (1) On January 1, 1987, the Amended and Restated Financing Agreement, dated May 10, 1979, between the United States Railway Association and the Corporation, together with any and all rights and obligations of or on behalf of any person with respect to such agreement, shall terminate and be of no further force or effect, except for those provisions specifying terms and conditions for payments made to the United States with respect

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28 U.S.C. § 1254 — Courts of appeals; certiorari; certified questions

Cases in the courts of appeals may be reviewed by the Supreme Court by the following methods: (1) By writ of certiorari granted upon the petition of any party to any civil or criminal case, before or after rendition of judgment or decree; (2) By certification at any time by a court of appeals of any question of law in any civil or criminal case as to which instructions are desired, and upon such certification the Supreme Court may give binding instructions or require the entire record to be sent up for decision of the entire matter in controversy.

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45 U.S.C. § 1311 — Preparation for public offering

**(a) Public offering managers** (1) Not later than 30 days after October 21, 1986, the Secretary of Transportation, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury and the Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Corporation, shall retain the services of investment banking firms to serve jointly and be compensated equally as co-lead managers of the public offering (hereafter in this part referred to as the “co-lead managers”) and to establish a syndicate to underwrite the public offering. The total number of co-lead managers shall be no fewer than 4 nor greater than 6. The Secretary shall designate one co-lead manager to coordinate and administer the public offering. (2) In selecting the investment banking firms to serve as co-lead managers of the public offering under paragraph (1), consideration shall be given to the firm’s institutional and retail distribution capabilities, financial strength, knowledge of the railroad industry, experience in large scale public offerings, research capability, and reputation. In addition, recognition shall also be given to contributions made by particular investment banking firms before October 21, 1986, in demonstrating and promoting the long-term financial viability of the Corporation. **(b) Payment to United States** (1) Not later than 30 days after October 21, 1986, the Corporation shall transfer to the Secretary of the Treasury $200,000,000. (2) On or before February 1, 1987, or 30 days before the sale date, whichever occurs first, the Secretary of Transportation shall determine whether to require the Corporation to transfer to the Secretary of the Treasury, in addition to amounts transferred under paragraph (1), not to exceed $100,000,000, taking into account the viability of the Corporation. The Corporation shall tran

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5 U.S.C. § 706 — Scope of review

To the extent necessary to decision and when presented, the reviewing court shall decide all relevant questions of law, interpret constitutional and statutory provisions, and determine the meaning or applicability of the terms of an agency action. The reviewing court shall— (1) compel agency action unlawfully withheld or unreasonably delayed; and (2) hold unlawful and set aside agency action, findings, and conclusions found to be— (A) arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion, or otherwise not in accordance with law; (B) contrary to constitutional right, power, privilege, or immunity; (C) in excess of statutory jurisdiction, authority, or limitations, or short of statutory right; (D) without observance of procedure required by law; (E) unsupported by substantial evidence in a case subject to sections 556 and 557 of this title or otherwise reviewed on the record of an agency hearing provided by statute; or (F) unwarranted by the facts to the extent that the facts are subject to trial de novo by the reviewing court. In making the foregoing determinations, the court shall review the whole record or those parts of it cited by a party, and due account shall be taken of the rule of prejudicial error.

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45 U.S.C. § 797m — Arbitration

Any dispute or controversy with respect to the interpretation, application, or enforcement of the provisions of this subchapter, except sections 797b, 797c, 797g, and 797l 11 See References in Text note below. of this title, or section 1144 of the Northeast Rail Service Act of 1981, and except those matters subject to judicial review under section 1152 of the Northeast Rail Service Act of 1981 [[45 U.S.C. 1105](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title45-section1105&num=0&edition=prelim)], which have not been resolved within 90 days, may be submitted by either party to an Adjustment Board for a final and binding decision thereon as provided in [section 153 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title45-section153&num=0&edition=prelim), in which event the burden of proof on all issues so presented shall be on the Corporation, or the Association, where appropriate.

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45 U.S.C. § 1105 — Judicial review

Page 243 TITLE 45—RAILROADS § 1105 et seq.) of chapter 16 of this title. For complete classi- fication of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 701 of this title and Tables. CODIFICATION In par. (1), ‘‘chapter 243 of title 49’’ substituted for ‘‘title III of the Rail Passenger Service Act (45 U.S.C. 541 et seq.)’’ on authority of Pub. L. 103–272, § 6(b), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1378, the first section of which enacted subtitles II, III, and V to X of Title 49, Transportation. AMENDMENTS 1996—Par. (8). Pub. L. 104–317 amended par. generally. Prior to amendment, par. read as follows: ‘‘ ‘Special court’ means the judicial panel established under sec- tion 209 of the Regional Rail Reorganization Act of 1973 (45 U.S.C. 719).’’ Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1996 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 104–317 effective 90 days after Oct. 19, 1996, and except as otherwise provided, applica- ble proceedings that arise or continue after such effec- tive date, see section 605(e) of Pub. L. 104–317, set out as a note under section 719 of this title. ABOLITION OF INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION AND TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS Interstate Commerce Commission abolished and func- tions of Commission transferred, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 104–88, to Surface Transportation Board effective Jan. 1, 1996, by section 1302 of Title 49, Transportation, and section 101 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as a note under section 1301 of Title 49. References to Interstate Commerce Commission deemed to refer to Surface Transportation Board, a member or employee of the Board, or Secretary of Transportation, as appro- priate, see section 205 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as a note under section 1301 of Title 49. § 1105. Judicial r

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