Browse Arkansas Code titles and sections
42 U.S.C. § 2711 to 2716 — Repealed. Pub. L. 97–35, title VI, § 683(a), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 519
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
Section, Pub. L. 88–452, § 2, Aug. 20, 1964, 78 Stat. 508; Pub. L. 89–794, title VI, § 614(b), Nov. 8, 1966, 80 Stat. 1472; Pub. L. 95–568, § 17(a)(1), Nov. 2, 1978, 92 Stat. 2439, set forth Congressional findings and declaration of purpose for the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964.
#### Effective Date of Repeal
Repeal effective Oct. 1, 1981, see [section 9912(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section9912/a&num=0&edition=prelim), prior to the general amendment of chapter 106 (§ 9901 et seq.) of this title by Pub. L. 105–285.
#### Short Title of 1978 Amendment
Pub. L. 95–568, § 1, Nov. 2, 1978, 92 Stat. 2425, provided: “That this Act [enacting sections 2716, 2856, 2929b to 2929b–3, 2979a, 2981b, 2981c, and 2995c of this title, amending this section, sections 2712, 2713, 2790, 2791, 2796, 2808, 2809, 2812, 2814, 2823 to 2825, 2828, 2830, 2833 to 2837, 2841, 2855, 2901 to 2906, 2928a to 2928h, 2928l to 2928n, 2929, 2929a, 2932, 2933, 2941 to 2943, 2945, 2946, 2948, 2950, 2951, 2961, 2965, 2970, 2971g, 2973, 2974, 2977, 2982a to 2982c, 2983a, 2984, 2984a, 2985a, 2985e, 2991b, 2991f, 2992b, 2992d, 2995, and 2995a of this title, repealing sections 2829, 2832, 2861 to 2865, 2871, 2929b, 2971, and 2985c–1 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section] may be cited as the ‘Economic Opportunity Amendments of 1978’.”
#### Short Title of 1977 Amendment
Pub. L. 95–222, § 1, Dec. 28, 1977, 91 Stat. 1619, provided that: “This Act [amending sections 2996, 2996c, and 2996e to 2996j of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 2996, 2996f and 2996i of this title] may be cited as the ‘Legal Services Corporation Act Amendments of 1977’.”
#### Short Title of 19
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 2711 to 2716
Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. A text match is a research starting point; applicability is not established.
Original supplied file — preserved unchanged
Download original Markdown file
File SHA-256: 1fee619037edcbecb7ae9c5c6158c39d084e5e48471120f5e9ac5a8536490f82. The original may include catalog metadata, neighboring provisions, or embedded records outside this collection's scope. Search shows only the selected federal record. Historical editions and unverified snapshots are not a statement of current law.
Authority boundary: historical or unconfirmed source not current law verified.
Record provenance
Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_08b1fcee695a8f46d5378f4f
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-42/section-2711-to-2716-42-u-s-c-2711-to-2716-repealed-pub-l-9735-title-vi-683-a-aug-13-1981-95--0d251018a3.md
Pages: Not recorded – Not recorded
Passage SHA-256: f591f5fe37107e34612a2efd416d73041f83cd82656bd82fb95d8ea11df8de2f
Source location: Title 42, Chapter 34, § 2711 to 2716; chapter-034-economic-opportunity-program.md
Stored source content
### Statutory Notes
Section, Pub. L. 88–452, § 2, Aug. 20, 1964, 78 Stat. 508; Pub. L. 89–794, title VI, § 614(b), Nov. 8, 1966, 80 Stat. 1472; Pub. L. 95–568, § 17(a)(1), Nov. 2, 1978, 92 Stat. 2439, set forth Congressional findings and declaration of purpose for the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964.
#### Effective Date of Repeal
Repeal effective Oct. 1, 1981, see [section 9912(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section9912/a&num=0&edition=prelim), prior to the general amendment of chapter 106 (§ 9901 et seq.) of this title by Pub. L. 105–285.
#### Short Title of 1978 Amendment
Pub. L. 95–568, § 1, Nov. 2, 1978, 92 Stat. 2425, provided: “That this Act [enacting sections 2716, 2856, 2929b to 2929b–3, 2979a, 2981b, 2981c, and 2995c of this title, amending this section, sections 2712, 2713, 2790, 2791, 2796, 2808, 2809, 2812, 2814, 2823 to 2825, 2828, 2830, 2833 to 2837, 2841, 2855, 2901 to 2906, 2928a to 2928h, 2928l to 2928n, 2929, 2929a, 2932, 2933, 2941 to 2943, 2945, 2946, 2948, 2950, 2951, 2961, 2965, 2970, 2971g, 2973, 2974, 2977, 2982a to 2982c, 2983a, 2984, 2984a, 2985a, 2985e, 2991b, 2991f, 2992b, 2992d, 2995, and 2995a of this title, repealing sections 2829, 2832, 2861 to 2865, 2871, 2929b, 2971, and 2985c–1 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section] may be cited as the ‘Economic Opportunity Amendments of 1978’.”
#### Short Title of 1977 Amendment
Pub. L. 95–222, § 1, Dec. 28, 1977, 91 Stat. 1619, provided that: “This Act [amending sections 2996, 2996c, and 2996e to 2996j of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 2996, 2996f and 2996i of this title] may be cited as the ‘Legal Services Corporation Act Amendments of 1977’.”
#### Short Title of 1976 Amendment
Pub. L. 94–341, § 1, July 6, 1976, 90 Stat. 803, provided that: “This Act [enacting [section 2985c–1 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2985c-1&num=0&edition=prelim), amending sections 2706, 2707, 2712, 2714, 2781, 2790, 2809, 2812, 2814, 2828, 2829, 2855, 2901, 2902, 2928c, 2928f, 2928l, 2928n, 2930e, 2930f, 2941, 2942, 2943, 2944, 2948, 2951, 2971f, 2971g, 2982a, 2982c, 2984, 2984a, and 2985 to 2985g of this title, enacting provision set out as a note under this section, and amending provisions set out as notes under this section and [section 2942 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2942&num=0&edition=prelim)] may be cited as the ‘Community Services Act Technical Amendments of 1976’.”
#### Short Title of 1975 Amendments
Pub. L. 94–43, § 1, June 28, 1975, 89 Stat. 233, provided: “That this Act [amending [section 2756 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2756&num=0&edition=prelim) and [section 1615 of Title 20](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section1615&num=0&edition=prelim), Education, and enacting provisions set out as notes under [section 2756 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2756&num=0&edition=prelim) and [section 1070a of Title 20](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section1070a&num=0&edition=prelim)] may be cited as the ‘Emergency Technical Provisions Act’.”
Pub. L. 93–644, § 1, Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2291, provided: “That this Act [enacting sections 2706, 2707, 2711 to 2715, 2828 to 2830, 2865, 2928 to 2928n, 2929 to 2929c, 2930 to 2930f, 2971f, 2971g, 2981a, 2981b, 2985a to 2985g, 2991 to 2991h, and 2992 to 2992d of this title, amending sections 2790, 2809, 2812, 2813, 2837, 2862, 2871, 2901, 2902, 2921, 2922, 2923, 2932, 2933, 2941, 2942, 2943, 2945, 2965, 2971d, 2974, 2979, 2981, 2982, 2982a, 2982b, 2982c, 2983, 2983a, 2983b, 2984, 2984a, 2985, 2995, 2995a, and 2995b of this title, repealing sections 2703, 2705, 2942 note, and 2949 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 2706, 2865, and 2981 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Headstart, Economic Opportunity, and Community Partnership Act of 1974’.”
#### Short Title of 1974 Amendment
Pub. L. 93–355, § 1, July 25, 1974, 88 Stat. 378, provided: “That this Act [enacting subchapter X of this title and [section 2971e of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2971e&num=0&edition=prelim), amending [section 2809 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2809&num=0&edition=prelim), and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 2809 and 2996b of this title] may be cited as the ‘Legal Services Corporation Act of 1974’.”
#### Short Title of 1972 Amendment
Pub. L. 92–424, § 1, Sept. 19, 1972, 86 Stat. 688, provided: “That this Act [enacting sections 2702b, 2813 to 2815, 2827, 2971b to 2971d, 2981 to 2985, and 2995 to 2995d of this title, amending sections 2724, 2742, 2749, 2771, 2791, 2809, 2812, 2824, 2836, 2837, 2862, 2864, 2871, 2907, 2932, 2933, 2943, 2949, 2965, 2966, 2974, 2991, 2992a, 2993, 2993a, 2994b, 2994d, and 3044b of this title, repealing sections 2763 to 2768 and 2826 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 2942 and 3044b of this title] may be cited as the ‘Economic Opportunity Amendments of 1972’.”
#### Short Title of 1969 Amendment
Pub. L. 91–177, § 1, Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 827, provided: “That this Act [enacting sections 2702a, 2704, 2705, and 2769 to 2769f of this title, amending sections 2771, 2809, 2834, 2837, 2851, 2871, 2907, 2933, 2949, 2965, 2966, 2994b, and 2994d of this title, and [section 8332 of Title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section8332&num=0&edition=prelim), Government Officers and Employees, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 2809, 2834, 2971a and 2994b of this title] may be cited as the ‘Economic Opportunity Amendments of 1969’.”
#### Short Title of 1967 Amendment
Pub. L. 90–222, § 1, Dec. 23, 1967, 81 Stat. 672, provided: “That this Act [enacting sections 2702, 2703, 2723 to 2729, 2737 to 2749, 2763 to 2768, 2795 to 2797, 2808 to 2812, 2823 to 2826, 2832 to 2837, 2862 to 2864, 2906a, 2906b, 2906c, 2931 to 2933, 2946, 2971, 2972 to 2980, 2992, 2992a, 2992b, 2993, 2993a, 2993b, 2994, 2994a, 2994b, 2994c, and 2994d of this title, amending sections 2711 to 2721, 2781, 2790, 2791, 2841, 2851, 2861, 2901, 2902, 2906, 2907, 2921 to 2925, 2941 to 2944, 2949 to 2951, 2961 to 2963, 2966, 2981, and 2991 of this title and [section 105 of Title 3](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title3-section105&num=0&edition=prelim), The President, omitting sections 2722, 2732 to 2736, 2761, 2762, 2782 to 2789, 2792 to 2794, 2821, 2822, 2831, and 2991a to 2991e of this title, redesignating section 2946 as [section 2855 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2855&num=0&edition=prelim), and enacting provisions set out as notes under [section 2702 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2702&num=0&edition=prelim)] may be cited as the ‘Economic Opportunity Amendments of 1967’.”
#### Short Title of 1966 Amendment
Pub. L. 89–794, § 1, Nov. 8, 1966, 80 Stat. 1451, provided: “That this Act [enacting sections 2610c, 2721, 2722, 2762, 2771, 2792, 2793, 2794, 2924, 2925, 2951, 2968, 2969, 2970, and 2991 to 2991e of this title, amending this section, sections 2581, 2583, 2713, 2714, 2716, 2732, 2733, 2734, 2735, 2761, 2782, 2783, 2785, 2786, 2787, 2788, 2802, 2821, 2831, 2851, 2854, 2871, 2881, 2902, 2905, 2906, 2907, 2921, 2922, 2923, 2941, 2942, 2943, 2944, 2945, 2946, 2950, 2961, 2963, 2965, 2966, 2981, and 3161 of this title, and sections 425 and 1077 of Title 20, Education, repealing sections 2731, 2903, and 2904 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and [section 2981 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2981&num=0&edition=prelim) and [section 425 of Title 20](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section425&num=0&edition=prelim)] may be cited as the ‘Economic Opportunity Amendments of 1966’.”
#### Short Title of 1965 Amendment
Pub. L. 89–253, § 1, Oct. 9, 1965, 79 Stat. 973, provided: “That this Act [amending sections 2713, 2714, 2716, 2720, 2734, 2735, 2754, 2761, 2782, 2785, 2788, 2789, 2802, 2805, 2807, 2822, 2831, 2851, 2854, 2861, 2871, 2881, 2922, 2923, 2943, 2945, 2965, and 2966 of this title and [section 425 of Title 20](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section425&num=0&edition=prelim), Education, and enacted sections 2806a, 2950, and 2967 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Economic Opportunity Amendments of 1965’.”
#### Short Title
Pub. L. 88–452, § 1, Aug. 20, 1964, 78 Stat. 508, which provided that Pub. L. 88–452, which enacted this chapter, was to be cited as the “Economic Opportunity Act of 1964”, was repealed by Pub. L. 97–35, title VI, § 683(a), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 519.
Pub. L. 88–452, § 3, formerly § 101, as added by Pub. L. 93–644, § 3, Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2292, and renumbered and amended by Pub. L. 94–341, § 2(a)(1), July 6, 1976, 90 Stat. 803, provided that: “Title I through IX of this Act [subchapters I through IX of this chapter] may be cited as the ‘Community Services Act of 1974’.”
Pub. L. 88–452, title X, § 1014, as added by Pub. L. 93–355, § 2, July 25, 1974, 88 Stat. 389, provided that: “This title [subchapter X of this chapter] may be cited as the ‘Legal Services Corporation Act’.”
#### Statement of Purpose of 1978 Amendment
Pub. L. 95–568, § 2, Nov. 2, 1978, 92 Stat. 2425, provided that: “It is the purpose of this Act [see Short Title of 1978 Amendment note above] to extend and revise programs under title I through title IX [subchapter I to IX of this chapter] of the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 (hereinafter in this Act referred to as the ‘Act’).”
#### Executive Order No. 11470
Ex. Ord. No. 11470, eff. May 26, 1969, 34 F.R. 8227, which made arrangements for the structure and conduct of a National Voluntary Action Program, was superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 11603, eff. June 30, 1971, 36 F.R. 12675, formerly set out as a note under [section 2501 of Title 22](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2501&num=0&edition=prelim), Foreign Relations and Intercourse. Section 401 of Ex. Ord. No. 11603 which transferred the National Voluntary Action Program to ACTION as created by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1971 was superseded by section 1–706 of Ex. Ord. No. 12137, May 16, 1979, 44 F.R. 29023, eff. May 16, 1979, set out as a note under [section 2501 of Title 22](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2501&num=0&edition=prelim). For continuation of the National Voluntary Action Program in ACTION Agency [now Corporation for National and Community Service], see section 1–501 of Ex. Ord. No. 12137.
Cross-references
Connections may be documented source relationships, shared citations or nearby passages. Each explains its basis; a connection alone does not establish applicability to your situation.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Purpose** It is the purpose of this part, to assist in making available the benefits of postsecondary education to eligible students (defined in accordance with [section 1091 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section1091&num=0&edition=prelim)) in institutions of higher education by—
(1) providing Federal Pell Grants to all eligible students;
(2) providing supplemental educational opportunity grants to those students who demonstrate financial need;
(3) providing for payments to the States to assist them in making financial aid available to such students;
(4) providing for special programs and projects designed (A) to identify and encourage qualified youths with financial or cultural need with a potential for postsecondary education, (B) to prepare students from low-income families for postsecondary education, and (C) to provide remedial (including remedial language study) and other services to students; and
(5) providing assistance to institutions of higher education.
**(b) Secretary required to carry out purposes** The Secretary shall, in accordance with subparts 1 through 9 of this part, carry out programs to achieve the purposes of this part.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 20 U.S.C. § 1070a
Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. Explicit cross-reference supplied in source Markdown; currentness and applicability require review.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** The total service of an employee or Member is the full years and twelfth parts thereof, excluding from the aggregate the fractional part of a month, if any.
**(b)** The service of an employee shall be credited from the date of original employment to the date of separation on which title to annuity is based in the civilian service of the Government. Except as provided in paragraph (13) 11 So in original. Probably should be paragraph “(14)”. of this subsection, credit may not be allowed for a period of separation from the service in excess of 3 calendar days. The service includes—
(1) employment as a substitute in the postal field service;
(2) service in the Pan American Sanitary Bureau;
(3) subject to sections 8334(c) and 8339(i) of this title, service performed before July 10, 1960, as an employee of a county committee established under [section 590h(b) of title 16](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section590h/b&num=0&edition=prelim) or of a committee or an association of producers described by [section 610(b) of title 7](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section610/b&num=0&edition=prelim);
(4) service as a student-employee as defined by [section 5351 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section5351&num=0&edition=prelim) only if he later becomes subject to this subchapter;
(5) a period of satisfactory service of a volunteer or volunteer leader under chapter 34 of title 22 only if he later becomes subject to this subchapter;
(6) employment under [section 709 of title 32](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title32-section709&num=0&edition=prelim) or any prior corresponding provision of law;
(7) a period of service of
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 5 U.S.C. § 8332
Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. Explicit cross-reference supplied in source Markdown; currentness and applicability require review.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
Section, Pub. L. 88–452, title I, § 111, Aug. 20, 1964, 78 Stat. 512, set out the statement of purpose for the work-training programs.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 2756
Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. Explicit cross-reference supplied in source Markdown; currentness and applicability require review.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Requisites** With respect to grants or contracts in connection with the provision of legal assistance to eligible clients under this subchapter, the Corporation shall—
(1) insure the maintenance of the highest quality of service and professional standards, the preservation of attorney-client relationships, and the protection of the integrity of the adversary process from any impairment in furnishing legal assistance to eligible clients;
(2)
(A) establish, in consultation with the Director of the Office of Management and Budget and with the Governors of the several States, maximum income levels (taking into account family size, urban and rural differences, and substantial cost-of-living variations) for individuals eligible for legal assistance under this subchapter;
(B) establish guidelines to insure that eligibility of clients will be determined by recipients on the basis of factors which include—
(i) the liquid assets and income level of the client,
(ii) the fixed debts, medical expenses, and other factors which affect the client’s ability to pay,
(iii) the cost of living in the locality, and
(iv) such other factors as relate to financial inability to afford legal assistance, which may include evidence of a prior determination that such individual’s lack of income results from refusal or unwillingness, without good cause, to seek or accept an employment situation; and
(C) insure that (i) recipients, consistent with goals established by the Corporation, adopt procedures for determining and implementing priorities for the provision of such assistance, taking into account the relative needs of eligible clients for such assistance (including such outreach, training, and support services as may be necessary), including particularly the n
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 2702
Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. Explicit cross-reference supplied in source Markdown; currentness and applicability require review.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)**
(1) Subject to the provisons 11 So in original. Probably should be “provisions”. of paragraph (2) of this subsection, the President is authorized to appoint and fix the pay of employees in the White House Office without regard to any other provision of law regulating the employment or compensation of persons in the Government service. Employees so appointed shall perform such official duties as the President may prescribe.
(2) The President may, under paragraph (1) of this subsection, appoint and fix the pay of not more than—
(A) 25 employees at rates not to exceed the rate of basic pay then currently paid for level II of the Executive Schedule of [section 5313 of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section5313&num=0&edition=prelim); and in addition
(B) 25 employees at rates not to exceed the rate of basic pay then currently paid for level III of the Executive Schedule of [section 5314 of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section5314&num=0&edition=prelim); and in addition
(C) 50 employees at rates not to exceed the maximum rate of basic pay then currently paid for GS–18 of the General Schedule of [section 5332 of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section5332&num=0&edition=prelim); and in addition
(D) such number of other employees as he may determine to be appropriate at rates not to exceed the minimum rate of basic pay then currently paid for GS–16 of the General Schedule of [section 5332 of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section5332&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(b)**
(1) Subject to the provisions of paragraph (2) of this subsection, the President is authorized to appoint and fix
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 3 U.S.C. § 105
Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. Explicit cross-reference supplied in source Markdown; currentness and applicability require review.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** The Congress of the United States declares that it is the policy of the United States and the purpose of this chapter to promote world peace and friendship through a Peace Corps, which shall make available to interested countries and areas men and women of the United States qualified for service abroad and willing to serve, under conditions of hardship if necessary, to help the peoples of such countries and areas in meeting their needs for trained manpower, particularly in meeting the basic needs of those living in the poorest areas of such countries, and to help promote a better understanding of the American people on the part of the peoples served and a better understanding of other peoples on the part of the American people.
**(b)** The Congress declares that it is the policy of the United States and a purpose of the Peace Corps to maintain, to the maximum extent appropriate and consistent with programmatic and fiscal considerations, a volunteer corps of at least 10,000 individuals.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 2501
Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. Explicit cross-reference supplied in source Markdown; currentness and applicability require review.