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19 U.S.C. § 3536 — Review of participation in WTO
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Report on operation of WTO** The first annual report submitted to the Congress under [section 3534 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section3534&num=0&edition=prelim)—
(1) after the end of the 5-year period beginning on the date on which the WTO Agreement enters into force with respect to the United States, and
(2) after the end of every 5-year period thereafter,
shall include an analysis of the effects of the WTO Agreement on the interests of the United States, the costs and benefits to the United States of its participation in the WTO, and the value of the continued participation of the United States in the WTO.
**(b) Congressional disapproval of U.S. participation in WTO**
(1) **General rule** — The approval of the Congress, provided under [section 3511(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section3511/a&num=0&edition=prelim), of the WTO Agreement shall cease to be effective if, and only if, a joint resolution described in subsection (c) is enacted into law pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (2).
(2) **Procedural provisions**
(A) The requirements of this paragraph are met if the joint resolution is enacted under subsection (c), and—
(i) the Congress adopts and transmits the joint resolution to the President before the end of the 90-day period (excluding any day described in [section 2194(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2194/b&num=0&edition=prelim)), beginning on the date on which the Congress receives a report referred to in subsection (a), and
(ii) if the President vetoes the joint resolution, each House of Congress votes to override that veto on or before the later of the last d
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-19/section-3536-review-of-participation-in-wto--9c8d3ee516.md
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Source location: Title 19, Chapter 22, § 3536; chapter-022-uruguay-round-trade-agreements.md
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**(a) Report on operation of WTO** The first annual report submitted to the Congress under [section 3534 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section3534&num=0&edition=prelim)—
(1) after the end of the 5-year period beginning on the date on which the WTO Agreement enters into force with respect to the United States, and
(2) after the end of every 5-year period thereafter,
shall include an analysis of the effects of the WTO Agreement on the interests of the United States, the costs and benefits to the United States of its participation in the WTO, and the value of the continued participation of the United States in the WTO.
**(b) Congressional disapproval of U.S. participation in WTO**
(1) **General rule** — The approval of the Congress, provided under [section 3511(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section3511/a&num=0&edition=prelim), of the WTO Agreement shall cease to be effective if, and only if, a joint resolution described in subsection (c) is enacted into law pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (2).
(2) **Procedural provisions**
(A) The requirements of this paragraph are met if the joint resolution is enacted under subsection (c), and—
(i) the Congress adopts and transmits the joint resolution to the President before the end of the 90-day period (excluding any day described in [section 2194(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2194/b&num=0&edition=prelim)), beginning on the date on which the Congress receives a report referred to in subsection (a), and
(ii) if the President vetoes the joint resolution, each House of Congress votes to override that veto on or before the later of the last day of the 90-day period referred to in clause (i) or the last day of the 15-day period (excluding any day described in [section 2194(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2194/b&num=0&edition=prelim)) beginning on the date on which the Congress receives the veto message from the President.
(B) A joint resolution to which this section applies may be introduced at any time on or after the date on which the President transmits to the Congress a report described in subsection (a), and before the end of the 90-day period referred to in subparagraph (A).
**(c) Joint resolutions**
(1) **Joint resolutions** — For purposes of this section, the term “joint resolution” means only a joint resolution of the 2 Houses of Congress, the matter after the resolving clause of which is as follows: “That the Congress withdraws its approval, provided under section 101(a) of the Uruguay Round Agreements Act, of the WTO Agreement as defined in section 2(9) of that Act.”
(2) **Procedures**
(A) Joint resolutions may be introduced in either House of the Congress by any member of such House.
(B) Subject to the provisions of this subsection, the provisions of subsections (b), (d), (e), and (f) of [section 2192 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2192&num=0&edition=prelim) apply to joint resolutions to the same extent as such provisions apply to resolutions under such section.
(C) If the committee of either House to which a joint resolution has been referred has not reported it by the close of the 45th day after its introduction (excluding any day described in [section 2194(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2194/b&num=0&edition=prelim)), such committee shall be automatically discharged from further consideration of the joint resolution and it shall be placed on the appropriate calendar.
(D) It is not in order for—
(i) the Senate to consider any joint resolution unless it has been reported by the Committee on Finance or the committee has been discharged under subparagraph (C); or
(ii) the House of Representatives to consider any joint resolution unless it has been reported by the Committee on Ways and Means or the committee has been discharged under subparagraph (C).
(E) A motion in the House of Representatives to proceed to the consideration of a joint resolution may only be made on the second legislative day after the calendar day on which the Member making the motion announces to the House his or her intention to do so.
(3) **Consideration of second resolution not in order** — It shall not be in order in either the House of Representatives or the Senate to consider a joint resolution (other than a joint resolution received from the other House), if that House has previously adopted a joint resolution under this section.
**(d) Rules of House of Representatives and Senate** This section is enacted by the Congress—
(1) as an exercise of the rulemaking power of the House of Representatives and the Senate, respectively, and as such is deemed a part of the rules of each House, respectively, and such procedures supersede other rules only to the extent that they are inconsistent with such other rules; and
(2) with the full recognition of the constitutional right of either House to change the rules (so far as relating to the procedures of that House) at any time, in the same manner, and to the same extent as any other rule of that House.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
For purposes of this Act:
(1) **GATT 1947; GATT 1994**
(A) *GATT 1947* — The term “GATT 1947” means the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, dated October 30, 1947, annexed to the Final Act Adopted at the Conclusion of the Second Session of the Preparatory Committee of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment, as subsequently rectified, amended, or modified by the terms of legal instruments which have entered into force before the date of entry into force of the WTO Agreement.
(B) *GATT 1994* — The term “GATT 1994” means the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade annexed to the WTO Agreement.
(2) **HTS** — The term “HTS” means the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States.
(3) **International Trade Commission** — The term “International Trade Commission” means the United States International Trade Commission.
(4) **Multilateral trade agreement** — The term “multilateral trade agreement” means an agreement described in [section 3511(d) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section3511/d&num=0&edition=prelim) (other than an agreement described in paragraph (17) or (18) of such section).
(5) **Schedule XX** — The term “Schedule XX” means Schedule XX—United States of America annexed to the Marrakesh Protocol to the GATT 1994.
(6) **Trade Representative** — The term “Trade Representative” means the United States Trade Representative.
(7) **Uruguay Round Agreements** — The term “Uruguay Round Agreements” means the agreements approved by the Congress under [section 3511(a)(1) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section3511/a/1&num=0&edition=prelim).
(8) **World Trade Organization and WTO** — The terms “World Trade Organization” and “WTO” mean the or
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 19 U.S.C. § 3511
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
If a provision of this Act provides that the implementation of an action by the President by proclamation is subject to the consultation and layover requirements of this section, such action may be proclaimed only if—
(1) the President has obtained advice regarding the proposed action from—
(A) the appropriate advisory committees established under [section 2155 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2155&num=0&edition=prelim), and
(B) the International Trade Commission;
(2) the President has submitted a report to the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Finance of the Senate that sets forth—
(A) the action proposed to be proclaimed and the reasons for such actions, and
(B) the advice obtained under paragraph (1);
(3) a period of 60 calendar days, beginning with the first day on which the President has met the requirements of paragraphs (1) and (2) with respect to such action, has expired; and
(4) the President has consulted with such committees regarding the proposed action during the period referred to in paragraph (3).
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 19 U.S.C. § 3531
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Establishment within Executive Office of the President** There is established within the Executive Office of the President the Office of the United States Trade Representative (hereinafter in this section referred to as the “Office”).
**(b) United States Trade Representative; Deputy United States Trade Representatives**
(1) The Office shall be headed by the United States Trade Representative who shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. As an exercise of the rulemaking power of the Senate, any nomination of the United States Trade Representative submitted to the Senate for confirmation, and referred to a committee, shall be referred to the Committee on Finance. The United States Trade Representative shall hold office at the pleasure of the President, shall be entitled to receive the same allowances as a chief of mission, and shall have the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary.
(2) There shall be in the Office three Deputy United States Trade Representatives, one Chief Agricultural Negotiator, and one Chief Innovation and Intellectual Property Negotiator, who shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. As an exercise of the rulemaking power of the Senate, any nomination of a Deputy United States Trade Representative, the Chief Agricultural Negotiator, or the Chief Innovation and Intellectual Property Negotiator submitted to the Senate for its advice and consent, and referred to a committee, shall be referred to the Committee on Finance. Each Deputy United States Trade Representative, the Chief Agricultural Negotiator, and the Chief Innovation and Intellectual Property Negotiator shall hold office at the pleasure of the President and shall have the rank of Amba
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 19 U.S.C. § 2192
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Review by President** The President shall review annually the WTO panel roster and shall include the panel roster and the list of persons serving on the Appellate Body in the annual report submitted by the President under [section 2213(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2213/a&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(b) Qualifications of appointees to panels** The Trade Representative shall—
(1) seek to ensure that persons appointed to the WTO panel roster are well-qualified, and that the roster includes persons with expertise in the subject areas covered by the Uruguay Round Agreements; and
(2) inform the President of persons nominated to the roster by other WTO member countries.
**(c) Rules governing conflicts of interest** The Trade Representative shall seek the establishment by the General Council and the Dispute Settlement Body of rules governing conflicts of interest by persons serving on panels and members of the Appellate Body and shall describe, in the annual report submitted under [section 3534 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section3534&num=0&edition=prelim), any progress made in establishing such rules.
**(d) Notification of disputes** Promptly after a dispute settlement panel is established to consider the consistency of Federal or State law with any of the Uruguay Round Agreements, the Trade Representative shall notify the appropriate congressional committees of—
(1) the nature of the dispute, including the matters set forth in the request for the establishment of the panel, the legal basis of the complaint, and the specific measures, in particular any State or Federal law cited in the request for establishment of the panel;
(2) the identity of the
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 19 U.S.C. § 3534
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 873
TITLE 19—CUSTOMS DUTIES
§ 3537
respectively, and as such is deemed a part of
the rules of each House, respectively, and such
procedures supersede other rules only to the
extent that they are inconsistent with such
other rules; and
(2) with the full recognition of the constitu-
tional right of either House to change the
rules (so far as relating to the procedures of
that House) at any time, in the same manner,
and to the same extent as any other rule of
that House.
(Pub. L. 103–465, title I, § 125, Dec. 8, 1994, 108
Stat. 4833.)
Editorial Notes
REFERENCES IN TEXT
Sections 101(a) and 2(9) of the Uruguay Round Agree-
ments Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(1), are classified to
sections 3511(a) and 3501(9), respectively, of this title.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
EFFECTIVE DATE
Section effective on the date on which the WTO
Agreement enters into force with respect to the United
States (Jan. 1, 1995), see section 130 of Pub. L. 103–465,
set out as a note under section 3531 of this title.
Executive Documents
URUGUAY ROUND AGREEMENTS: ENTRY INTO FORCE
The Uruguay Round Agreements, including the World
Trade Organization Agreement and agreements an-
nexed to that Agreement, as referred to in section
3511(d) of this title, entered into force with respect to
the United States on Jan. 1, 1995. See note set out
under section 3511 of this title.
§ 3536. Increased transparency
The Trade Representative shall seek the adop-
tion by the Ministerial Conference and General
Council of procedures that will ensure broader
application of the principle of transparency and
clarification of the costs and benefits of trade
policy actions, through the observance of open
and equitable procedures in trade matters by
the Ministerial Conference and
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 19 U.S.C. § 3536
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