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26 U.S.C. § 1504 — Definitions
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Affiliated group defined** For purposes of this subtitle—
(1) **In general** — The term “affiliated group” means—
(A) 1 or more chains of includible corporations connected through stock ownership with a common parent corporation which is an includible corporation, but only if—
(B)
(i) the common parent owns directly stock meeting the requirements of paragraph (2) in at least 1 of the other includible corporations, and
(ii) stock meeting the requirements of paragraph (2) in each of the includible corporations (except the common parent) is owned directly by 1 or more of the other includible corporations.
(2) **80-percent voting and value test** — The ownership of stock of any corporation meets the requirements of this paragraph if it—
(A) possesses at least 80 percent of the total voting power of the stock of such corporation, and
(B) has a value equal to at least 80 percent of the total value of the stock of such corporation.
(3) **5 years must elapse before reconsolidation**
(A) *In general* — If—
(i) a corporation is included (or required to be included) in a consolidated return filed by an affiliated group, and
(ii) such corporation ceases to be a member of such group,
with respect to periods after such cessation, such corporation (and any successor of such corporation) may not be included in any consolidated return filed by the affiliated group (or by another affiliated group with the same common parent or a successor of such common parent) before the 61st month beginning after its first taxable year in which it ceased to be a member of such affiliated group.
(B) *Secretary may waive application of subparagraph (A)* — The Secretary may waive the application of subparagraph (A) to any corporation for any period subjec
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-26/section-1504-definitions--af8b10b8e1.md
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Source location: Title 26, Chapter 6, § 1504; chapter-006-consolidated-returns.md
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**(a) Affiliated group defined** For purposes of this subtitle—
(1) **In general** — The term “affiliated group” means—
(A) 1 or more chains of includible corporations connected through stock ownership with a common parent corporation which is an includible corporation, but only if—
(B)
(i) the common parent owns directly stock meeting the requirements of paragraph (2) in at least 1 of the other includible corporations, and
(ii) stock meeting the requirements of paragraph (2) in each of the includible corporations (except the common parent) is owned directly by 1 or more of the other includible corporations.
(2) **80-percent voting and value test** — The ownership of stock of any corporation meets the requirements of this paragraph if it—
(A) possesses at least 80 percent of the total voting power of the stock of such corporation, and
(B) has a value equal to at least 80 percent of the total value of the stock of such corporation.
(3) **5 years must elapse before reconsolidation**
(A) *In general* — If—
(i) a corporation is included (or required to be included) in a consolidated return filed by an affiliated group, and
(ii) such corporation ceases to be a member of such group,
with respect to periods after such cessation, such corporation (and any successor of such corporation) may not be included in any consolidated return filed by the affiliated group (or by another affiliated group with the same common parent or a successor of such common parent) before the 61st month beginning after its first taxable year in which it ceased to be a member of such affiliated group.
(B) *Secretary may waive application of subparagraph (A)* — The Secretary may waive the application of subparagraph (A) to any corporation for any period subject to such conditions as the Secretary may prescribe.
(4) **Stock not to include certain preferred stock** — For purposes of this subsection, the term “stock” does not include any stock which—
(A) is not entitled to vote,
(B) is limited and preferred as to dividends and does not participate in corporate growth to any significant extent,
(C) has redemption and liquidation rights which do not exceed the issue price of such stock (except for a reasonable redemption or liquidation premium), and
(D) is not convertible into another class of stock.
(5) **Regulations** — The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes of this subsection, including (but not limited to) regulations—
(A) which treat warrants, obligations convertible into stock, and other similar interests as stock, and stock as not stock,
(B) which treat options to acquire or sell stock as having been exercised,
(C) which provide that the requirements of paragraph (2)(B) shall be treated as met if the affiliated group, in reliance on a good faith determination of value, treated such requirements as met,
(D) which disregard an inadvertent ceasing to meet the requirements of paragraph (2)(B) by reason of changes in relative values of different classes of stock,
(E) which provide that transfers of stock within the group shall not be taken into account in determining whether a corporation ceases to be a member of an affiliated group, and
(F) which disregard changes in voting power to the extent such changes are disproportionate to related changes in value.
**(b) Definition of “includible corporation”** As used in this chapter, the term “includible corporation” means any corporation except—
(1) Corporations exempt from taxation under section 501.
(2) Insurance companies subject to taxation under section 801.
(3) Foreign corporations.
(4) Regulated investment companies and real estate investment trusts subject to tax under subchapter M of chapter 1.
(5) A DISC (as defined in section 992(a)(1)).
(6) An S corporation.
**(c) Includible insurance companies** Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (2) of subsection (b)—
(1) Two or more domestic insurance companies each of which is subject to tax under section 801 shall be treated as includible corporations for purposes of applying subsection (a) to such insurance companies alone.
(2)
(A) If an affiliated group (determined without regard to subsection (b)(2)) includes one or more domestic insurance companies taxed under section 801, the common parent of such group may elect (pursuant to regulations prescribed by the Secretary) to treat all such companies as includible corporations for purposes of applying subsection (a) except that no such company shall be so treated until it has been a member of the affiliated group for the 5 taxable years immediately preceding the taxable year for which the consolidated return is filed.
(B) If an election under this paragraph is in effect for a taxable year—
(i) section 243(b)(3) and the exception provided under section 243(b)(2) with respect to subsections (b)(2) and (c) of this section,
(ii) section 542(b)(5), and
(iii) subsection (a)(4) and (b)(2)(D) of section 1563, and the reference to section 1563(b)(2)(D) contained in section 1563(b)(3)(C),
shall not be effective for such taxable year.
**(d) Subsidiary formed to comply with foreign law** In the case of a domestic corporation owning or controlling, directly or indirectly, 100 percent of the capital stock (exclusive of directors’ qualifying shares) of a corporation organized under the laws of a contiguous foreign country and maintained solely for the purpose of complying with the laws of such country as to title and operation of property, such foreign corporation may, at the option of the domestic corporation, be treated for the purpose of this subtitle as a domestic corporation.
**(e) Includible tax-exempt organizations** Despite the provisions of paragraph (1) of subsection (b), two or more organizations exempt from taxation under section 501, one or more of which is described in section 501(c)(2) and the others of which derive income from such 501(c)(2) organizations, shall be considered as includible corporations for the purpose of the application of subsection (a) to such organizations alone.
**(f) Special rule for certain amounts derived from a corporation previously treated as a DISC** In determining the consolidated taxable income of an affiliated group for any taxable year beginning after December 31, 1984, a corporation which had been a DISC and which would otherwise be a member of such group shall not be treated as such a member with respect to—
(1) any distribution (or deemed distribution) of accumulated DISC income which was not treated as previously taxed income under section 805(b)(2)(A) of the Tax Reform Act of 1984, and
(2) any amount treated as received under section 805(b)(3) of such Act.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
For purposes of section 38, the amount of the investment credit determined under this section for any taxable year shall be the sum of—
(1) the rehabilitation credit,
(2) the energy credit,
(3) the qualifying advanced coal project credit,
(4) the qualifying gasification project credit,
(5) the qualifying advanced energy project credit,
(6) the advanced manufacturing investment credit, and
(7) the clean electricity investment credit.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
For purposes of the taxes imposed by this subtitle upon a DISC (as defined in section 992(a)), a DISC shall not be subject to the taxes imposed by this subtitle.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 26 U.S.C. § 991
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Deduction allowed** There shall be allowed as a deduction for the taxable year an amount equal to—
(1) in the case of a taxable year beginning before January 1, 2021, the aggregate of the net operating loss carryovers to such year, plus the net operating loss carrybacks to such year, and
(2) in the case of a taxable year beginning after December 31, 2020, the sum of—
(A) the aggregate amount of net operating losses arising in taxable years beginning before January 1, 2018, carried to such taxable year, plus
(B) the lesser of—
(i) the aggregate amount of net operating losses arising in taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017, carried to such taxable year, or
(ii) 80 percent of the excess (if any) of—
(I) taxable income computed without regard to the deductions under this section and sections 199A and 250, over
(II) the amount determined under subparagraph (A).
For purposes of this subtitle, the term “net operating loss deduction” means the deduction allowed by this subsection.
**(b) Net operating loss carrybacks and carryovers**
(1) **Years to which loss may be carried**
(A) *General rule* — A net operating loss for any taxable year—
(i) shall be a net operating loss carryback to the extent provided in subparagraphs (B), (C)(i), and (D), and
(ii) except as provided in subparagraph (C)(ii), shall be a net operating loss carryover—
(I) in the case of a net operating loss arising in a taxable year beginning before January 1, 2018, to each of the 20 taxable years following the taxable year of the loss, and
(II) in the case of a net operating loss arising in a taxable year beginning after December 31, 2017, to each taxable year following the taxable year of the loss.
(B) *Farming losses*
(i) *I
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 26 U.S.C. § 172
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Application of subchapter C rules** Except as otherwise provided in this title, and except to the extent inconsistent with this subchapter, subchapter C shall apply to an S corporation and its shareholders.
**(b) No carryover between C year and S year**
(1) **From C year to S year** — No carryforward, and no carryback, arising for a taxable year for which a corporation is a C corporation may be carried to a taxable year for which such corporation is an S corporation.
(2) **No carryover from S year** — No carryforward, and no carryback, shall arise at the corporate level for a taxable year for which a corporation is an S corporation.
(3) **Treatment of S year as elapsed year** — Nothing in paragraphs (1) and (2) shall prevent treating a taxable year for which a corporation is an S corporation as a taxable year for purposes of determining the number of taxable years to which an item may be carried back or carried forward.
**(c) Earnings and profits**
(1) **In general** — Except as provided in paragraphs (2) and (3) and subsection (d)(3), no adjustment shall be made to the earnings and profits of an S corporation.
(2) **Adjustments for redemptions, liquidations, reorganizations, divisives, etc.** — In the case of any transaction involving the application of subchapter C to any S corporation, proper adjustment to any accumulated earnings and profits of the corporation shall be made.
(3) **Adjustments in case of distributions treated as dividends under section 1368(c)(2)** — Paragraph (1) shall not apply with respect to that portion of a distribution which is treated as a dividend under section 1368(c)(2).
**(d) Coordination with investment credit recapture**
(1) **No recapture by reason of election** — Any election under section 1362 shall be treated as a me
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 26 U.S.C. § 1371
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) General rule** In the case of a corporation, there shall be allowed as a deduction an amount equal to the following percentages of the amount received as dividends from a domestic corporation which is subject to taxation under this chapter:
(1) 50 percent, in the case of dividends other than dividends described in paragraph (2) or (3);
(2) 100 percent, in the case of dividends received by a small business investment company operating under the Small Business Investment Act of 1958 ([15 U.S.C. 661](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section661&num=0&edition=prelim) and following); and
(3) 100 percent, in the case of qualifying dividends (as defined in subsection (b)(1)).
**(b) Qualifying dividends**
(1) **In general** — For purposes of this section, the term “qualifying dividend” means any dividend received by a corporation—
(A) if at the close of the day on which such dividend is received, such corporation is a member of the same affiliated group as the corporation distributing such dividend, and
(B) if such dividend is distributed out of the earnings and profits of a taxable year of the distributing corporation which ends after December 31, 1963, and on each day of which the distributing corporation and the corporation receiving the dividend were members of such affiliated group.
(2) **Affiliated group** — For purposes of this subsection:
(A) *In general* — The term “affiliated group” has the meaning given such term by section 1504(a), except that for such purposes sections 1504(b)(2) and 1504(c) shall not apply.
(B) *Group must be consistent in foreign tax treatment* — The requirements of paragraph (1)(A) shall not be treated as being met with respect to any dividend received by a corporation if, for any taxabl
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Allowance of credit**
(1) **In general** — In the case of an individual, there shall be allowed as a credit against the tax imposed by this chapter the amount of the qualified adoption expenses paid or incurred by the taxpayer.
(2) **Year credit allowed** — The credit under paragraph (1) with respect to any expense shall be allowed—
(A) in the case of any expense paid or incurred before the taxable year in which such adoption becomes final, for the taxable year following the taxable year during which such expense is paid or incurred, and
(B) in the case of an expense paid or incurred during or after the taxable year in which such adoption becomes final, for the taxable year in which such expense is paid or incurred.
(3) **$10,000 credit for adoption of child with special needs regardless of expenses** — In the case of an adoption of a child with special needs which becomes final during a taxable year, the taxpayer shall be treated as having paid during such year qualified adoption expenses with respect to such adoption in an amount equal to the excess (if any) of $10,000 over the aggregate qualified adoption expenses actually paid or incurred by the taxpayer with respect to such adoption during such taxable year and all prior taxable years.
(4) **Portion of credit refundable** — So much of the credit allowed under paragraph (1) as does not exceed $5,000 shall be treated as a credit allowed under subpart C and not as a credit allowed under this subpart.
**(b) Limitations**
(1) **Dollar limitation** — The aggregate amount of qualified adoption expenses which may be taken into account under subsection (a) for all taxable years with respect to the adoption of a child by the taxpayer shall not exceed $10,000.
(2) **Income limitation**
(A) *In general* —
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Application of tax** The tax imposed by section 1(e) shall apply to the taxable income of estates or of any kind of property held in trust, including—
(1) income accumulated in trust for the benefit of unborn or unascertained persons or persons with contingent interests, and income accumulated or held for future distribution under the terms of the will or trust;
(2) income which is to be distributed currently by the fiduciary to the beneficiaries, and income collected by a guardian of an infant which is to be held or distributed as the court may direct;
(3) income received by estates of deceased persons during the period of administration or settlement of the estate; and
(4) income which, in the discretion of the fiduciary, may be either distributed to the beneficiaries or accumulated.
**(b) Computation and payment** The taxable income of an estate or trust shall be computed in the same manner as in the case of an individual, except as otherwise provided in this part. The tax shall be computed on such taxable income and shall be paid by the fiduciary. For purposes of this subsection, a foreign trust or foreign estate shall be treated as a nonresident alien individual who is not present in the United States at any time.
**(c) Special rules for taxation of electing small business trusts**
(1) **In general** — For purposes of this chapter—
(A) the portion of any electing small business trust which consists of stock in 1 or more S corporations shall be treated as a separate trust, and
(B) the amount of the tax imposed by this chapter on such separate trust shall be determined with the modifications of paragraph (2).
(2) **Modifications** — For purposes of paragraph (1), the modifications of this paragraph are the following:
(A) Except as provided in s
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Tax imposed** A tax is hereby imposed for each taxable year on the life insurance company taxable income of every life insurance company. Such tax shall consist of a tax computed as provided in section 11 as though the life insurance company taxable income were the taxable income referred to in section 11.
**(b) Life insurance company taxable income** For purposes of this part, the term “life insurance company taxable income” means—
(1) life insurance gross income, reduced by
(2) life insurance deductions.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Married individuals filing joint returns and surviving spouses** There is hereby imposed on the taxable income of—
(1) every married individual (as defined in section 7703) who makes a single return jointly with his spouse under section 6013, and
(2) every surviving spouse (as defined in section 2(a)),
a tax determined in accordance with the following table: If taxable income is:The tax is: Not over $36,90015% of taxable income. Over $36,900 but not over $89,150$5,535, plus 28% of the excess over $36,900. Over $89,150 but not over $140,000$20,165, plus 31% of the excess over $89,150. Over $140,000 but not over $250,000$35,928.50, plus 36% of the excess over $140,000. Over $250,000$75,528.50, plus 39.6% of the excess over $250,000.
**(b) Heads of households** There is hereby imposed on the taxable income of every head of a household (as defined in section 2(b)) a tax determined in accordance with the following table: If taxable income is:The tax is: Not over $29,60015% of taxable income. Over $29,600 but not over $76,400$4,440, plus 28% of the excess over $29,600. Over $76,400 but not over $127,500$17,544, plus 31% of the excess over $76,400. Over $127,500 but not over $250,000$33,385, plus 36% of the excess over $127,500. Over $250,000$77,485, plus 39.6% of the excess over $250,000.
**(c) Unmarried individuals (other than surviving spouses and heads of households)** There is hereby imposed on the taxable income of every individual (other than a surviving spouse as defined in section 2(a) or the head of a household as defined in section 2(b)) who is not a married individual (as defined in section 7703) a tax determined in accordance with the following table: If taxable income is:The tax is: Not over $22,10015% of taxable income. Over $22,100 but not over $53,50
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 26 U.S.C. § 1
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Energy credit**
(1) **In general** — For purposes of section 46, except as provided in paragraphs (1)(B), (2)(B), and (3)(B) of subsection (c), the energy credit for any taxable year is the energy percentage of the basis of each energy property placed in service during such taxable year.
(2) **Energy percentage**
(A) *In general* — Except as provided in paragraphs (6) and (7), the energy percentage is—
(i) 6 percent in the case of—
(I) qualified fuel cell property,
(II) energy property described in clause (i) or (iii) of paragraph (3)(A) but only with respect to property the construction of which begins before January 1, 2025,
(III) energy property described in paragraph (3)(A)(ii),
(IV) qualified small wind energy property,
(V) waste energy recovery property,
(VI) energy storage technology,
(VII) qualified biogas property,
(VIII) microgrid controllers, and
(IX) energy property described in clauses (v) and (vii) of paragraph (3)(A), and
(ii) in the case of any energy property to which clause (i) does not apply, 0 percent.
(B) *Coordination with rehabilitation credit* — The energy percentage shall not apply to that portion of the basis of any property which is attributable to qualified rehabilitation expenditures.
(C) *Nonapplication of increases to energy percentage* — For purposes of energy property described in subparagraph (A)(ii), the energy percentage applicable to such property pursuant to such subparagraph shall not be increased or otherwise adjusted by any provision of this section.
(3) **Energy property** — For purposes of this subpart, the term “energy property” means any property—
(A) which is—
(i) equipment which uses solar energy to generate electricity, to he
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 26 U.S.C. § 48
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