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10 U.S.C. § 948a — Definitions
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
In this chapter:
(1) **Alien.—** — The term “alien” means an individual who is not a citizen of the United States.
(2) **Classified information.—** — The term “classified information” means the following:
(A) Any information or material that has been determined by the United States Government pursuant to statute, Executive order, or regulation to require protection against unauthorized disclosure for reasons of national security.
(B) Any restricted data, as that term is defined in section 11 y. of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 ([42 U.S.C. 2014(y)](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2014/y&num=0&edition=prelim)).
(3) **Coalition partner.—** — The term “coalition partner”, with respect to hostilities engaged in by the United States, means any State or armed force directly engaged along with the United States in such hostilities or providing direct operational support to the United States in connection with such hostilities.
(4) **Geneva convention relative to the treatment of prisoners of war.—** — The term “Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War” means the Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, done at Geneva August 12, 1949 (6 UST 3316).
(5) **Geneva conventions.—** — The term “Geneva Conventions” means the international conventions signed at Geneva on August 12, 1949.
(6) **Privileged belligerent.—** — The term “privileged belligerent” means an individual belonging to one of the eight categories enumerated in Article 4 of the Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War.
(7) **Unprivileged enemy belligerent.—** — The term “unprivileged enemy belligerent” means an individual (other than a privileged belligerent) who—
(A) has engaged in hostilities agai
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-10/section-948a-definitions--6323f0fe86.md
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Source location: Title 10, Chapter 47A, § 948a; chapter-47a-military-commissions.md
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In this chapter:
(1) **Alien.—** — The term “alien” means an individual who is not a citizen of the United States.
(2) **Classified information.—** — The term “classified information” means the following:
(A) Any information or material that has been determined by the United States Government pursuant to statute, Executive order, or regulation to require protection against unauthorized disclosure for reasons of national security.
(B) Any restricted data, as that term is defined in section 11 y. of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 ([42 U.S.C. 2014(y)](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2014/y&num=0&edition=prelim)).
(3) **Coalition partner.—** — The term “coalition partner”, with respect to hostilities engaged in by the United States, means any State or armed force directly engaged along with the United States in such hostilities or providing direct operational support to the United States in connection with such hostilities.
(4) **Geneva convention relative to the treatment of prisoners of war.—** — The term “Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War” means the Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, done at Geneva August 12, 1949 (6 UST 3316).
(5) **Geneva conventions.—** — The term “Geneva Conventions” means the international conventions signed at Geneva on August 12, 1949.
(6) **Privileged belligerent.—** — The term “privileged belligerent” means an individual belonging to one of the eight categories enumerated in Article 4 of the Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War.
(7) **Unprivileged enemy belligerent.—** — The term “unprivileged enemy belligerent” means an individual (other than a privileged belligerent) who—
(A) has engaged in hostilities against the United States or its coalition partners;
(B) has purposefully and materially supported hostilities against the United States or its coalition partners; or
(C) was a part of al Qaeda at the time of the alleged offense under this chapter.
(8) **National security.—** — The term “national security” means the national defense and foreign relations of the United States.
(9) **Hostilities.—** — The term “hostilities” means any conflict subject to the laws of war.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** The Department of Defense is an executive department of the United States.
**(b)** The Department is composed of the following:
(1) The Office of the Secretary of Defense.
(2) The Joint Chiefs of Staff.
(3) The Joint Staff.
(4) The Defense Agencies.
(5) Department of Defense Field Activities.
(6) The Department of the Army.
(7) The Department of the Navy.
(8) The Department of the Air Force.
(9) The unified and specified combatant commands.
(10) Such other offices, agencies, activities, and commands as may be established or designated by law or by the President.
(11) All offices, agencies, activities, and commands under the control or supervision of any element named in paragraphs (1) through (10).
**(c)** If the President establishes or designates an office, agency, activity, or command in the Department of Defense of a kind other than those described in paragraphs (1) through (9) of subsection (b), the President shall notify Congress not later than 60 days thereafter.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
In this chapter (the Uniform Code of Military Justice):
(1) The term “Judge Advocate General” means, severally, the Judge Advocates General of the Army, Navy, and Air Force and, except when the Coast Guard is operating as a service in the Navy, an official designated to serve as Judge Advocate General of the Coast Guard by the Secretary of Homeland Security.
(2) The Navy, the Marine Corps, and the Coast Guard when it is operating as a service in the Navy, shall be considered as one armed force.
(3) The term “commanding officer” includes only commissioned officers.
(4) The term “officer in charge” means a member of the Navy, the Marine Corps, or the Coast Guard designated as such by appropriate authority.
(5) The term “superior commissioned officer” means a commissioned officer superior in rank or command.
(6) The term “cadet” means a cadet of the United States Military Academy, the United States Air Force Academy, or the United States Coast Guard Academy.
(7) The term “midshipman” means a midshipman of the United States Naval Academy and any other midshipman on active duty in the naval service.
(8) The term “military” refers to any or all of the armed forces.
(9) The term “accuser” means a person who signs and swears to charges, any person who directs that charges nominally be signed and sworn to by another, and any other person who has an interest other than an official interest in the prosecution of the accused.
(10) The term “military judge” means a judge advocate designated under [section 826(c) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section826/c&num=0&edition=prelim) (article 26(c)) who is detailed under section 826(a) or [section 830a of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
A military commission under this chapter shall have jurisdiction to try persons subject to this chapter for any offense made punishable by this chapter, sections 904 and 906 of this title (articles 104 and 106 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice), or the law of war, whether such offense was committed before, on, or after September 11, 2001, and may, under such limitations as the President may prescribe, adjudge any punishment not forbidden by this chapter, including the penalty of death when specifically authorized under this chapter. A military commission is a competent tribunal to make a finding sufficient for jurisdiction.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 851
TITLE 10—ARMED FORCES
§ 948a
1 Starting section number editorially supplied.
Subchapter
Sec.
II.
Composition of Military Commissions ..
948h.
III.
Pre-Trial Procedure ...............................
948q.
IV.
Trial Procedure .....................................
949a.
V.
Classified Information Procedures ........
949p–1.
VI.
Sentences ..............................................
949s.
VII.
Post-Trial Procedure and Review of
Military Commissions ........................
950a.1
VIII.
Punitive Matters ...................................
950p.
Editorial Notes
CODIFICATION
This chapter was originally added by Pub. L. 109–366,
§ 3(a)(1), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2600, and amended by
Pub. L. 110–181, Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 3. This chapter
is shown here, however, as having been added by Pub.
L. 111–84, div. A, title XVIII, § 1802, Oct. 28, 2009, 123
Stat. 2574, without reference to those intervening
amendments because of the general amendment of this
chapter by Pub. L. 111–84.
AMENDMENTS
2018—Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title X, § 1081(a)(10), Aug.
13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1983, substituted ‘‘VII. Post-Trial Pro-
cedure and Review of Military Commissions’’ for ‘‘VII.
Post-Trial
Procedures
and
Review
of
Military
Commissions ... 950a.’’ in item relating to subchapter
VII.
SUBCHAPTER I—GENERAL PROVISIONS
Sec.
948a.
Definitions.
948b.
Military commissions generally.
948c.
Persons subject to military commissions.
948d.
Jurisdiction of military commissions.
§ 948a. Definitions
In this chapter:
(1) ALIEN.—The term ‘‘alien’’ means an indi-
vidual who is not a citizen of the United
States.
(2)
CLASSIFIED
INFORMATION.—The
term
‘‘classified information’’ means the following:
(A) Any information or material that has
been determi
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 10 U.S.C. § 948a
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The intent of Congress in the definitions as given in this section should be construed from the words or phrases used in the definitions. As used in this chapter:
**(a)** The term “agency of the United States” means the executive branch of the United States, or any Government agency, or the legislative branch of the United States, or any agency, committee, commission, office, or other establishment in the legislative branch, or the judicial branch of the United States, or any office, agency, committee, commission, or other establishment in the judicial branch.
**(b)** The term “agreement for cooperation” means any agreement with another nation or regional defense organization authorized or permitted by sections 2074, 2077, 2094, 2112, 2121(c), 2133, 2134, or 2164 of this title, and made pursuant to [section 2153 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2153&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(c)** The term “atomic energy” means all forms of energy released in the course of nuclear fission or nuclear transformation.
**(d)** The term “atomic weapon” means any device utilizing atomic energy, exclusive of the means for transporting or propelling the device (where such means is a separable and divisible part of the device), the principal purpose of which is for use as, or for development of, a weapon, a weapon prototype, or a weapon test device.
**(e)** The term “byproduct material” means—
(1) any radioactive material (except special nuclear material) yielded in or made radioactive by exposure to the radiation incident to the process of producing or utilizing special nuclear material;
(2) the tailings or wastes produced by the extraction or concentration of uranium or thorium from any ore processed primarily for its source mater
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 2014
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 5363
TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE
§ 2014
materials; military application of atomic energy; li-
cense requirements for utilization of atomic energy, re-
ports to Congress, and issuance of licenses; force and ef-
fect of international agreements; property of Commis-
sion and its exempt status from taxation; and control
of information, were classified to sections 1804 to 1810,
respectively, of this title, prior to the general amend-
ment of act Aug. 1, 1946, by act Aug. 30, 1954. Section
numbers 4 to 10 were not repeated in the general
amendment of act Aug. 1, 1946.
AMENDMENTS
1964—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 88–489 inserted ‘‘whether
owned by the Government or others’’ and ‘‘and to pro-
vide continued assurance of the Government’s ability
to enter into and enforce agreements with nations or
groups of nations for the control of special nuclear ma-
terials and atomic weapons’’.
§ 2014. Definitions
The intent of Congress in the definitions as
given in this section should be construed from
the words or phrases used in the definitions. As
used in this chapter:
(a) The term ‘‘agency of the United States’’
means the executive branch of the United
States, or any Government agency, or the legis-
lative branch of the United States, or any agen-
cy, committee, commission, office, or other es-
tablishment in the legislative branch, or the ju-
dicial branch of the United States, or any office,
agency, committee, commission, or other estab-
lishment in the judicial branch.
(b) The term ‘‘agreement for cooperation’’
means any agreement with another nation or re-
gional defense organization authorized or per-
mitted by sections 2074, 2077, 2094, 2112, 2121(c),
2133, 2134, or 2164 of this title, and made pursu-
ant to section 2153 of this title.
(c) The term
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