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16 U.S.C. § 3631 — Definitions
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
As used in this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires, the term—
**(a)** “Commission” means the Pacific Salmon Commission established by the Treaty;
**(b)** “enhancement” means manmade improvements to natural habitats, or the application of artificial fish culture technology, that will lead to the increase of salmon stocks;
**(c)** “Magnuson Act” means the Act entitled “the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act,” as approved April 13, 1976, and as later amended (16 U.S.C. section 1801 et seq.);
**(d)** “Panel” means any of the Panels established by the Treaty;
**(e)** “person” means any individual (whether or not a citizen or national of the United States), any corporation, partnership, association, or other entity (whether or not organized or existing under the laws of any State);
**(f)** “salmon” means any anadromous species of the family Salmonidae and genus Oncorhynchus, commonly known as Pacific salmon, including but not limited to: Popular namesScientific name Chinook or King SalmonOncorhynchus tshawytscha Coho or Silver SalmonOncorhynchus kisutch Pink or Humpback SalmonOncorhynchus gorbuscha Chum or Dog SalmonOncorhynchus keta Sockeye or Red SalmonOncorhynchus nerka and shall also include Steelhead (Salmo gairdneri);
**(g)** “Secretary” means the Secretary of Commerce;
**(h)** “Treaty” means the Treaty between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of Canada Concerning Pacific Salmon, signed at Ottawa, January 28, 1985;
**(i)** “treaty Indian tribe” means any of the federally recognized Indian tribes of the Columbia River basin, Washington coast or Puget Sound areas having reserved fishing rights to salmon stocks subject to the Treaty under treaties with the United States Government; and
**(j)** “Un
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-16/section-3631-definitions--527067b16d.md
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Source location: Title 16, Chapter 56A, § 3631; chapter-56a-pacific-salmon-fishing.md
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As used in this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires, the term—
**(a)** “Commission” means the Pacific Salmon Commission established by the Treaty;
**(b)** “enhancement” means manmade improvements to natural habitats, or the application of artificial fish culture technology, that will lead to the increase of salmon stocks;
**(c)** “Magnuson Act” means the Act entitled “the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act,” as approved April 13, 1976, and as later amended (16 U.S.C. section 1801 et seq.);
**(d)** “Panel” means any of the Panels established by the Treaty;
**(e)** “person” means any individual (whether or not a citizen or national of the United States), any corporation, partnership, association, or other entity (whether or not organized or existing under the laws of any State);
**(f)** “salmon” means any anadromous species of the family Salmonidae and genus Oncorhynchus, commonly known as Pacific salmon, including but not limited to: Popular namesScientific name Chinook or King SalmonOncorhynchus tshawytscha Coho or Silver SalmonOncorhynchus kisutch Pink or Humpback SalmonOncorhynchus gorbuscha Chum or Dog SalmonOncorhynchus keta Sockeye or Red SalmonOncorhynchus nerka and shall also include Steelhead (Salmo gairdneri);
**(g)** “Secretary” means the Secretary of Commerce;
**(h)** “Treaty” means the Treaty between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of Canada Concerning Pacific Salmon, signed at Ottawa, January 28, 1985;
**(i)** “treaty Indian tribe” means any of the federally recognized Indian tribes of the Columbia River basin, Washington coast or Puget Sound areas having reserved fishing rights to salmon stocks subject to the Treaty under treaties with the United States Government; and
**(j)** “United States Section” means the four United States Commissioners appointed by the President pursuant to this chapter.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
As used in this subchapter the term:
**(a)** “Convention” means the Convention between the United States of America and Canada for the Preservation of the Halibut Fishery of the Northern Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea, signed at Ottawa, Canada on March 2, 1953, as amended by the Protocol Amending the Convention, signed at Washington March 29, 1979, and includes the regulations promulgated thereunder.
**(b)** “Commission” means the International Pacific Halibut Commission provided for by article III of the Convention.
**(c)** “Fishery conservation zone” means the fishery conservation zone of the United States established by section 1811 11 See References in Text note below. of this title.
**(d)** “Convention waters” means the maritime areas off the west coast of the United States and Canada described in article I of the Convention.
**(e)** “Halibut” means fish of the species Hippoglossus stenolepis inhabiting Convention waters.
**(f)** “Fishing vessel” means—
(1) any vessel engaged in catching fish in Convention waters or in processing or transporting fish loaded in Convention waters;
(2) any vessel outfitted to engage in any activity described in paragraph (1); or
(3) any vessel in normal support of any vessel described in paragraph (1) or (2).
**(g)** “Secretary” means the Secretary of Commerce.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 16 U.S.C. § 773
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Findings** The Congress finds and declares the following:
(1) The fish off the coasts of the United States, the highly migratory species of the high seas, the species which dwell on or in the Continental Shelf appertaining to the United States, and the anadromous species which spawn in United States rivers or estuaries, constitute valuable and renewable natural resources. These fishery resources contribute to the food supply, economy, and health of the Nation and provide recreational opportunities.
(2) Certain stocks of fish have declined to the point where their survival is threatened, and other stocks of fish have been so substantially reduced in number that they could become similarly threatened as a consequence of (A) increased fishing pressure, (B) the inadequacy of fishery resource conservation and management practices and controls, or (C) direct and indirect habitat losses which have resulted in a diminished capacity to support existing fishing levels.
(3) Commercial and recreational fishing constitutes a major source of employment and contributes significantly to the economy of the Nation. Many coastal areas are dependent upon fishing and related activities, and their economies have been badly damaged by the overfishing of fishery resources at an ever-increasing rate over the past decade. The activities of massive foreign fishing fleets in waters adjacent to such coastal areas have contributed to such damage, interfered with domestic fishing efforts, and caused destruction of the fishing gear of United States fishermen.
(4) International fishery agreements have not been effective in preventing or terminating the overfishing of these valuable fishery resources. There is danger that irreversible effects from overfishing will take place before an effectiv
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 16 U.S.C. § 1801
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
In this subchapter:
**(a) Outer Continental Shelf.—** The term “outer Continental Shelf” means—
(1) all submerged lands lying seaward and outside of the area of lands beneath navigable waters as defined in [section 1301 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title43-section1301&num=0&edition=prelim), and of which the subsoil and seabed appertain to the United States and are subject to its jurisdiction and control or within the exclusive economic zone of the United States and adjacent to any territory of the United States; and
(2) does not include any area conveyed by Congress to a territorial government for administration;
**(b) Secretary.—** The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of the Interior, except that with respect to functions under this subchapter transferred to, or vested in, the Secretary of Energy or the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission by or pursuant to the Department of Energy Organization Act ([42 U.S.C. 7101](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section7101&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.), the term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Energy, or the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, as the case may be.
**(c) Lease.—** The term “lease” means any form of authorization which is issued under [section 1337 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title43-section1337&num=0&edition=prelim) or maintained under [section 1335 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title43-section1335&num=0&edition=prelim) and which authorizes exploration for, and development and production of, minerals.
**(d) Person.—** The term “person” includes, in addition to a natural person, an association, a State, a political subdivision o
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** The Secretary and the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating shall enforce this Act, and the Acts to which this section applies, in accordance with this section. Each such Secretary may, by agreement, on a reimbursable basis or otherwise, utilize the personnel services, equipment (including aircraft and vessels), and facilities of any other Federal agency, and of any State agency, in the performance of such duties.
**(b) Acts to which section applies** This section applies to—
(1) the Pacific Salmon Treaty Act of 1985 ([16 U.S.C. 3631](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section3631&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.);
(2) the Dolphin Protection Consumer Information Act ([16 U.S.C. 1385](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section1385&num=0&edition=prelim));
(3) the Tuna Conventions Act of 1950 ([16 U.S.C. 951](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section951&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.);
(4) the North Pacific Anadromous Stocks Act of 1992 ([16 U.S.C. 5001](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section5001&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.);
(5) the Atlantic Tunas Convention Act of 1975 ([16 U.S.C. 971](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section971&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.);
(6) the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Convention Act of 1995 ([16 U.S.C. 5601](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section5601&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.);
(7) the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Convention Implementation Act ([16 U.S.C. 6901](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section6901&num=0&edition=prelim) et s
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 1991
TITLE 16—CONSERVATION
§ 1801
Sec.
1826k.
Equivalent conservation measures.
1827.
Observer program regarding certain foreign
fishing.
1827a.
Prohibition on sale of billfish.
1828.
Foreign fishing incursions.
1829.
International monitoring and compliance.
SUBCHAPTER IV—NATIONAL FISHERY
MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
1851.
National standards for fishery conservation
and management.
1852.
Regional Fishery Management Councils.
1853.
Contents of fishery management plans.
1853a.
Limited access privilege programs.
1854.
Action by Secretary.
1855.
Other requirements and authority.
1856.
State jurisdiction.
1857.
Prohibited acts.
1858.
Civil penalties and permit sanctions.
1859.
Criminal offenses.
1860.
Civil forfeitures.
1861.
Enforcement.
1861a.
Transition to sustainable fisheries.
1861b.
Fisheries enforcement plans and reporting.
1862.
North Pacific fisheries conservation.
1863.
Northwest Atlantic Ocean Fisheries Reinvest-
ment Program.
1864.
Repealed.
1865.
Bycatch reduction engineering program.
1866.
Shark feeding.
1867.
Cooperative research and management pro-
gram.
1868.
Herring study.
1869.
Restoration study.
SUBCHAPTER V—FISHERY MONITORING AND
RESEARCH
1881.
Registration and information management.
1881a.
Information collection.
1881b.
Observers.
1881c.
Fisheries research.
1881d.
Incidental harvest research.
1882.
Fisheries systems research.
1883.
Gulf of Mexico red snapper research.
1884.
Deep sea coral research and technology pro-
gram.
1885.
Seafood import monitoring program.
1885a.
Report on Seafood Import Monitoring Pro-
gram.
SUBCHAPTER VI—MISCELLANEOUS
1891.
Investment in United States seafood proc-
essing facilities.
1891a.
Community-based restoration program for
fishery and coast
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 16 U.S.C. § 1801
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 2315
TITLE 16—CONSERVATION
§ 3631
(1) be liable to the United States for a civil
penalty under section 308 of the Act of 1976 (16
U.S.C. 1858) to the same extent as if such act
were an act prohibited under section 307 of the
Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1857); and
(2) be guilty of an offense under section 309
of the Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1859) to the same
extent as if such act were an act prohibited by
section 307(1)(D), (E), (F), or (H) of the Act of
1976 (16 U.S.C. 1857(1)(D), (E), (F), or (H)).
(c) Civil forfeiture of vessel
Any vessel used, and any fish (or the fair mar-
ket value thereof) taken or retained in any man-
ner, in connection with or as the result of the
commission of an act which is unlawful under
subsection (a) of this section shall be subject to
civil forfeiture under section 310 of the Act of
1976 (16 U.S.C. 1860) to the same extent as if such
vessel was used in, or such fish was taken or re-
tained in connection with or as the result of, the
commission of an act prohibited by section 307
of the Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1857).
(Pub. L. 97–389, title III, § 307, Dec. 29, 1982, 96
Stat. 1953; Pub. L. 98–44, title I, § 102(2), July 12,
1983, 97 Stat. 216.)
Editorial Notes
AMENDMENTS
1983—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 98–44 inserted provision that
any fish, or the fair market value thereof, taken or re-
tained in connection with or as the result of the com-
mission of an act unlawful under subsection (a) of this
section shall be subject to civil forfeitures under sec-
tion 1860 of this title to the same extent as if such fish
was taken or retained in connection with or as the re-
sult of the commission of an act prohibited by section
1857 of this title.
§ 3607. Enforcement
The Secretary of Commerce and the Secretary
of the department i
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 16 U.S.C. § 3631
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