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19 U.S.C. § 4318 — Centers of Excellence and Expertise
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** The Commissioner shall, in consultation with the appropriate congressional committees and the Commercial Customs Operations Advisory Committee established under [section 4316 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section4316&num=0&edition=prelim), develop and implement Centers of Excellence and Expertise throughout U.S. Customs and Border Protection that—
(1) enhance the economic competitiveness of the United States by consistently enforcing the laws and regulations of the United States at all ports of entry of the United States and by facilitating the flow of legitimate trade through increasing industry-based knowledge;
(2) improve enforcement efforts, including enforcement of priority trade issues described in [section 4322 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section4322&num=0&edition=prelim), in specific industry sectors through the application of targeting information from the National Targeting Center under [section 4318 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section4318&num=0&edition=prelim) and from other means of verification;
(3) build upon the expertise of U.S. Customs and Border Protection in particular industry operations, supply chains, and compliance requirements;
(4) promote the uniform implementation at each port of entry of the United States of policies and regulations relating to imports;
(5) centralize the trade enforcement and trade facilitation efforts of U.S. Customs and Border Protection;
(6) formalize an account-based approach to apply, as the Commissioner determines appropriate, to the importation of merchandise into the United States;
(7) foster partnerships though the expansion of
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-19/section-4318-centers-of-excellence-and-expertise--66061ff172.md
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Source location: Title 19, Chapter 28, § 4318; chapter-028-trade-facilitation-and-trade-enforcement.md
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**(a) In general** The Commissioner shall, in consultation with the appropriate congressional committees and the Commercial Customs Operations Advisory Committee established under [section 4316 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section4316&num=0&edition=prelim), develop and implement Centers of Excellence and Expertise throughout U.S. Customs and Border Protection that—
(1) enhance the economic competitiveness of the United States by consistently enforcing the laws and regulations of the United States at all ports of entry of the United States and by facilitating the flow of legitimate trade through increasing industry-based knowledge;
(2) improve enforcement efforts, including enforcement of priority trade issues described in [section 4322 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section4322&num=0&edition=prelim), in specific industry sectors through the application of targeting information from the National Targeting Center under [section 4318 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section4318&num=0&edition=prelim) and from other means of verification;
(3) build upon the expertise of U.S. Customs and Border Protection in particular industry operations, supply chains, and compliance requirements;
(4) promote the uniform implementation at each port of entry of the United States of policies and regulations relating to imports;
(5) centralize the trade enforcement and trade facilitation efforts of U.S. Customs and Border Protection;
(6) formalize an account-based approach to apply, as the Commissioner determines appropriate, to the importation of merchandise into the United States;
(7) foster partnerships though the expansion of trade programs and other trusted partner programs;
(8) develop applicable performance measurements to meet internal efficiency and effectiveness goals; and
(9) whenever feasible, facilitate a more efficient flow of information between Federal agencies.
**(b) Report** Not later than December 31, 2016, the Commissioner shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report describing—
(1) the scope, functions, and structure of each Center of Excellence and Expertise developed and implemented under subsection (a);
(2) the effectiveness of each such Center of Excellence and Expertise in improving enforcement efforts, including enforcement of priority trade issues described in [section 4322 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section4322&num=0&edition=prelim), and facilitating legitimate trade;
(3) the quantitative and qualitative benefits of each such Center of Excellence and Expertise to the trade community, including through fostering partnerships through the expansion of trade programs such as the Importer Self Assessment program and other trusted partner programs;
(4) all applicable performance measurements with respect to each such Center of Excellence and Expertise, including performance measures with respect to meeting internal efficiency and effectiveness goals;
(5) the performance of each such Center of Excellence and Expertise in increasing the accuracy and completeness of data with respect to international trade and facilitating a more efficient flow of information between Federal agencies; and
(6) any planned changes in the number, scope, functions, or any other aspect of the Centers of Excellence and Expertise developed and implemented under subsection (a).
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** Not later than the date that is 180 days after February 24, 2016, the Commissioner shall establish a program that directs U.S. Customs and Border Protection to adjust bond amounts for importers, including new importers and nonresident importers, based on risk assessments of such importers conducted by U.S. Customs and Border Protection, in order to protect the revenue of the Federal Government.
**(b) Requirements** The Commissioner shall ensure that, as part of the program established under subsection (a), U.S. Customs and Border Protection—
(1) develops risk assessment guidelines for importers, including new importers and nonresident importers, to determine if and to what extent—
(A) to adjust bond amounts of imported products of such importers; and
(B) to increase screening of imported products of such importers;
(2) develops procedures to ensure increased oversight of imported products of new importers, including nonresident importers, relating to the enforcement of the priority trade issues described in [section 4322 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section4322&num=0&edition=prelim);
(3) develops procedures to ensure increased oversight of imported products of new importers, including new nonresident importers, by Centers of Excellence and Expertise established under [section 4317 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section4317&num=0&edition=prelim); and
(4) establishes a centralized database of new importers, including new nonresident importers, to ensure accuracy of information that is required to be provided by such importers to U.S. Customs and Border Protection.
**(c) Exclusion of certain importers** This section shall not apply to a
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 19 U.S.C. § 4322
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Consultations** The Secretary of Homeland Security, with respect to any proposed mutual recognition arrangement or similar agreement between the United States and a foreign government providing for mutual recognition of supply chain security programs and customs revenue functions, shall consult with the appropriate congressional committees—
(1) not later than 30 days before initiating negotiations to enter into any such arrangement or similar agreement; and
(2) not later than 30 days before entering into any such arrangement or similar agreement.
**(b) Negotiating objective** It shall be a negotiating objective of the United States in any negotiation for a mutual recognition arrangement or similar agreement with a foreign country on partnership programs, such as the Customs–Trade Partnership Against Terrorism established under subtitle B of title II of the Security and Accountability for Every Port Act of 2006 ([6 U.S.C. 961](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title6-section961&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.), to seek to ensure the compatibility of the partnership programs of that country with the partnership programs of U.S. Customs and Border Protection to enhance security, trade facilitation, and trade enforcement.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 1098
TITLE 19—CUSTOMS DUTIES
§ 4318
(6) any planned changes in the number,
scope, functions, or any other aspect of the
Centers of Excellence and Expertise developed
and implemented under subsection (a).
(Pub. L. 114–125, title I, § 110, Feb. 24, 2016, 130
Stat. 138.)
§ 4318. Commercial risk assessment targeting and
trade alerts
(a) Commercial risk assessment targeting
In carrying out its duties under section
211(g)(4) of title 6, the National Targeting Cen-
ter, in coordination with the Office of Trade es-
tablished under section 2084 of this title, as ap-
propriate, shall—
(1) establish targeted risk assessment meth-
odologies and standards—
(A) for evaluating the risk that cargo des-
tined for the United States may violate the
customs and trade laws of the United States,
particularly those laws applicable to mer-
chandise subject to the priority trade issues
described in section 4322 of this title; and
(B) for issuing, as appropriate, Trade
Alerts described in subsection (b);
(2) to the extent practicable and otherwise
authorized by law, use, to administer the
methodologies
and
standards
established
under paragraph (1)—
(A) publicly available information;
(B) information available from the Auto-
mated Commercial System, the Automated
Commercial Environment, the Automated
Targeting System, the Automated Export
System, the International Trade Data Sys-
tem established under section 1411(d) of this
title, the TECS (formerly known as the
‘‘Treasury
Enforcement
Communications
System’’), the case management system of
U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforce-
ment, and any successor systems; and
(C) information made available to the Na-
tional Targeting Center, including informa-
tion provided by private sector entities;
(3) provide for the
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